ASCII Art is a graphic design technique that uses a computer for presentation and consists of a unified image of 95 printable characters (out of a total of 128) defined by ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character set with character ownership additional (beyond 128 standard 7-bit ASCII characters). The term is also loosely used to refer to text-based visual art in general. ASCII art can be created with any text editor, and is often used in free-form language. Most examples of ASCII art require fixed-width fonts (disproportionate fonts, as in traditional typewriters) such as Courier for presentation.
Among the oldest examples of ASCII art is the artwork of computer art pioneer Kenneth Knowlton from around 1966, who worked for Bell Labs at the time. "Studies in Perception I" by Ken Knowlton and Leon Harmon from 1966 show some examples of their early ASCII art.
ASCII art was created, in large part, because early printers often lacked graphics capability and thus characters were used in place of graphic marks. Also, to mark the division between different print jobs from different users, bulk printers often use ASCII art to print large banners, making the division more recognizable so that the results can be more easily separated by the computer operator or officer. ASCII art is also used in early emails when images can not be embedded.
Video ASCII art
History
Art typewriter
Since 1867 typed has been used to create visual art.
TTY and RTTY
TTY stands for "TeleTYpe" or "TeleTYpewriter" and is also known as Teleprinter or Teletype. RTTY stands for Radioteletype; character set like Baudot code, which precedes ASCII, is used. According to a chapter in the RTTY Handbook, text images have been sent via teletypewriters as early as 1923. However, no "old" RTTY art has been found. What is known is that text images often appear on radioteletype in the 1960s and 1970s.
Art line-printer
In the 1960s, Andries van Dam published a representation of electronic circuits produced on the IBM 1403 line printer. At the same time, Kenneth Knowlton produces realistic images, also on line printers, by printing multiple characters on top of each other. Note that it is not ASCII art in the sense that 1403 is driven by the EBCDIC coded platform and the character set and rail available in 1403 are derived from EBCDIC rather than ASCII, despite some glyphs equations.
ASCII Art
The widespread use of ASCII art can be traced to computer bulletin board systems in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The limitations of computers over that time period require the use of text characters to represent images. Along with the use of ASCII in communications, however, it also began to emerge in underground online art groups during the period. ASCII comics is a form of webcomic that uses ASCII text to create images. Instead of images in ordinary comics, ASCII art is used, with text or dialogue usually placed underneath.
During the 1990s, graphic search and fonts with variable widths became increasingly popular, leading to the decline of ASCII art. Nevertheless, ASCII art continues to survive through online MUDs, acronyms for "Multi-User Dungeon", (which is a multiplayer video role-play video role play), Internet Relay Chat, E-mail, message boards and other forms of online communication. which typically uses the required fixed-width.
ANSI
ASCII and more importantly, ANSI is the subject of the early technological era; terminal systems rely on coherent presentations using color and standard control signals in terminal protocols.
Over the years, warez groups began to enter the art world of ASCII. The Warez Group usually releases.nfo files with their software, cracks, or other general software-release releases. ASCII art will usually include the name of the warez group and possibly some ASCII borders on the outside side of the release notes, etc.
The BBS system is based on ASCII and ANSI art, like most DOS apps and similar consoles, and predecessors for AOL.
Maps ASCII art
Usage
ASCII art is used wherever text can be more easily printed or sent than graphics, or in some cases, where image transmission is not possible. These include typewriters, teleprinters, non-graphical computer terminals, printer separators, in early computer networks (eg, BBSes), e-mail, and Usenet news messages. ASCII art is also used in computer program source code for representation of company or product logos, and flow controls or other diagrams. In some cases, the entire source code of a program is part of ASCII art - for example, an entry to one of the International C Code International Codes previously is a program that adds numbers, but visually looks like a drawn binary puller in the logic port
Some electronic schematic archives represent circuits using ASCII art.
Examples of ASCII-style art that preceded the modern computer era can be found in the June 1939, July 1948, and October 1948 editions of Popular Mechanics.
"0verkill" is a 2D multiplayer platform game designed completely in the color ASCII art. MPlayer and VLC media players can display video as ASCII art through the AAlib library. ASCII art is used in the manufacture of DOS-based ZZT games.
Many game step guides come as part of a basic.txt file; these files often contain game names in ASCII art. As below, word art is created using backslashes and other ASCII values ​​to create 3D illusions.
Type and style
Different techniques can be used in ASCII art to get different artistic effects. Electronic circuits and diagrams are implemented by typewriters or teletypes and provide pretenses for ASCII.
Huruf "Typewriter-style", dibuat dari karakter huruf individual: Â
H H EEEEE L L OOO W W OOO RRRR L DDDD !! H H E L L O O W W W O O R R L D D !! HHHHH EEEEE L L O O W W W O O R L D D !! H H E L L O O ,, W W O R R L D D H H EEEEE LLLLL LLLLL OOO ,, W W OOO R R LLLLL DDDD !!
Art line, to create shape:
.--./\ ____ '-'/__ \ (^._. ^) ~ & lt; (o.o) & gt;
Solid art, to create filled objects:
.g @ 8g. db 'Y8 @ P' d88b
Shading, using symbols with varying intensities to create gradients or contrast:
: $ # $: "4b. ':. : $ # $: "4b. ':.
The combination above, often used as a signature, for example, at the end of an email:
| \ _/| **************************** (\ _/) Â/@ @ \ * "Purrrfectly pleasant" * (= '.' =) (& gt; Ã,º & lt;) * Poppy Prinz * (") _ (")  `& gt; & gt; x & lt; & lt; Ã,Â' * (pprinz@example.com) * Â/O \ **************************** As-Pixel Characters, using a combination? ,? ,? and? to create a photo:
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? > ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????
Emoticon and verticons
The simplest form of ASCII art is a combination of two or three characters to express emotion in the text. They are usually referred to as 'emoticon', 'smilie', or 'smiley'.
There is another kind of one-line ASCII art that does not require mental image rotation, which is widely known in Japan as kaomoji (literally "face character".) Traditionally, they are referred to as "ASCII faces".
More complex examples use multiple lines of text to draw large symbols or more complex numbers.
Popular smileys
Hundreds of different text smileys developed over time, but few were received, used and understood in general.
ASCII Comics
An ASCII comic is a webcomic form.
Nerd Boy Adventure
Nerd Boy's Adventure , or just Nerd Boy is an ASCII comic by Joaquim GÃÆ'n between 5 August 2001 and 17 July 2007, consisting of 600 strips. They are posted to ASCII art newsgroup alt.ascii-art and on the website. Some strips have been translated into Polish and French.
Computer underground text scene style
Atari 400/800 ATASCII
The Atari 400/800 released in 1979 does not follow the ASCII standard and has its own character set, called ATASCII. The advent of ATASCII art coincides with the growing popularity of BBS Systems due to the availability of an acoustic coupler compatible with an 8-bit home computer. ATASCII's text animation is also referred to as "break animation" by Atari Scrums.
C-64 PETSCII
The Commodore 64, released in 1982, also does not follow the ASCII standard. The character set C-64 is called PETSCII, an additional form of ASCII-1963. Like the art of Atc PuncakcII, C-64 fans developed similar scenes using PETSCII for their creations.
"ASCII Block"/"High ASCII" ASCII art style on IBM PC
The so-called "ASCII block" or "high ASCII" uses an additional character of the 8-bit code page 437, which is the proprietary standard that was introduced by IBM in 1979 (ANSI Standard x3.16) for IBM DOS and MS- DOS. The "ASCII block" was widely used in PCs during the 1990s until the Internet replaced the BBS as the primary communication platform. Until then, "ASCIIs block" dominated the PC Text Art Scene.
The first group of art scenes focusing on the extended character set of PCs in their artwork is called "Aces of ANSI Art," or "AAA." Some members left in 1990, and formed a group called ACiD, "ANSI Creators in Demand." In the same year a second large underground art group was founded, ICE, "Insane Creators Enterprise".
There is some debate between ASCII and blocking ASCII artists, with ASCII "Hardcore" artists who maintain that blocking ASCII art is not actually ANSI art, as it does not use 128 characters from the original ASCII standard. On the other hand, blocking ASCII artists argue that if their art only uses characters from a computer character set, then it should be called ASCII, regardless of whether the character set is owned or not.
Microsoft Windows does not support the ANSI x3.16 Standard. One can view the ASCII block with a text editor using the "Terminal" font, but it will not look exactly like the artist intended. With special ASCII/ANSI viewers, such as ACiDView for Windows (see ASCII and ANSI art audiences), one can view ASCII and ANSI blocks correctly. An example illustrating the difference in appearance is part of this article. Alternatively, one can view files using the Type command at the command prompt.
"Amiga"/"Oldskool" ASCII art style
In the popular single-style ASCII art scene that uses the standard 7-bit ASCII character set is the so-called "Oldskool" Style. It's also called the "Amiga style", because it comes from and is widely used on the Commodore Amiga Computer. Style uses mainly characters: _/\ - =. () & Lt; & gt ;: . The art of "oldskool" looks more like a drawing of a drawing than a real picture. This is an example of "Amiga style" (also referred to as "old school" or "oldskool" style) ASCII art scene.
The Amiga ASCII Scene appeared in 1992, seven years after the introduction of the Commodore Amiga 1000. Commodore 64 PETSCII did not make the transition to the Commodore Amiga because of the C64 demo and the warez scene did so. Among the first ASCII Amiga art groups were ART, Epsilon Design, Upper Class, Unreal (later known as "DeZign"). This means that the text art scene in Amiga is actually younger than the text art scene on PC. The Amiga artists also do not mention their ASCII art style "Oldskool". The term was introduced on PC. When and by whom is unknown and lost in history.
The ASCII style Amiga style artwork is most commonly released in the form of a single text file, which includes all artwork (usually requested), with some parts of the design in between, as opposed to the PC art scene in which artwork is released as ZIP Archives with separate text files for each piece. Furthermore, releases are usually called "ASCII collections" and not "art packages" like on IBM PCs.
In the text editor
 _____ ___ ____ _ _ | ___ | __/___ | | ___ | | _ | | _ | | | _ | |/_ \ __ | | _ | | | | _ | | | __/| _ | _ | | ___ \ ____ | _ | \ ___ | \ __ |
This type of ASCII art is handmade in a text editor. The popular editors used to create this ASCII art include CygnusEditor a.k.a. CED (Amiga) and EditPlus2 (PC).
Example of Oldskool font from PC, taken from ASCII Editor FIGlet.
Newskool style art ASCII art
"Newskool" is a popular form of ASCII art that utilizes string strings like "$ # Xxo". Regardless of its name, this style is not "new"; On the contrary, it is very old but not liked and replaced by the art style "Oldskool" and "Block" ASCII. It was nicknamed "Newskool" after its comeback and new popularity in the late 1990s.
Newskool changed significantly as a result of the introduction of additional proprietary characters. Standard 7-bit standard ASCII characters remain dominant, but extended characters are often used for "fine tuning" and "tweaking". Style developed further after the introduction and adaptation of Unicode.
Method to generate ASCII art
While some prefer using a simple text editor to generate ASCII art, special programs, such as JavE have been developed that often simulate features and tools in a bitmap image editor. For ASCII block art and art ANSI artists almost always use a special text editor, because to generate the required characters on a standard keyboard, one needs to know the alt code for each character. eg alt 178 will generate?, alt 177 will generate? and, alt 8 will generate?
Custom text editors have special character sets assigned to keys that are on the keyboard. MS DOS-based popular editors, such as TheDraw and ACiDDraw have several different special character sets mapped to F-Keys to make the use of those characters easier for artists who can switch between individual character sets through basic keyboard shortcuts. PabloDraw is one of several ASCII/ANSI special editors developed for MS Windows XP.
Convert image to text
Another program allows one to automatically convert images to text characters, which is a special case of vector quantization. The method is to sample the image to a gray scale with less than 8-bit precision, and then assign a character to each value. Such ASCII art generators often allow the user to select the intensity and contrast of the resulting image.
3 factors limit loyalty conversions, especially photos:
- depth (solution: reduce line spacing; bold style; block element; colored background; good shadow);
- sharpness (solution: longer text, with smaller fonts, larger character set, variable width font);
- ratio (solution with compatibility issue: font with square box; distillation without extra line spacing).
Examples converted images are given below.
This is one of the earliest forms of ASCII art, derived from the early days of minicomputers and the 1960s teletype. During the 1970s it was popular in US malls to get t-shirts with photos printed in ASCII art on top of computer-trained automatic kiosks, and the London Science Museum had a similar service to produce portrait prints. With the advent of the web and HTML and CSS, many ASCII conversion programs will now be quantizing into colorful RGB, allowing colored ASCII images.
Still images or movies can also be converted to ASCII on various UNIX and UNIX-Like systems using a cross-device (black and white) graphics device driver or libcaca (color), or VLC or mpv media player under Windows, Linux or macOS; all of which make the screen use ASCII symbols instead of pixels. See also O'Reilly's article "Watch Video in ASCII art".
There are also some smartphone applications, such as ASCII cam for Android, which generates ASCII art in real-time using input from camera phones. This app typically allows ASCII art to be stored as a text file or as an image consisting of ASCII text.
Non fixed-width ASCII
Most ASCII art is created using monospace fonts, where all characters have the same width (Courier is a popular monospace font). The earliest computers used when ASCII art came into vogue had monospace fonts for screens and printer displays. Today most of the more commonly used fonts in word processing, web browsers and other programs are proportional fonts, such as Helvetica or Times Roman, where different widths are used for different characters. ASCII art drawn for fixed-width fonts will usually look distorted, or even unrecognizable when displayed in proportional font.
Some ASCII artists have produced artwork to display in proportional fonts. This ASCII, instead of using pure color-based correspondence, uses characters for slopes and borders and uses block shadows. These ASCIIs generally offer greater precision and attention to detail than ASCII with fixed widths for lower number of characters, although they are not universally accessible because they are usually relatively specific fonts.
Animated ASCII animation
ASCII animation art began in 1970 from the so-called animated VT100 generated at VT100 terminal. This animation is just a text with cursor movement instructions, erase and delete the characters needed to appear animated. Usually, they represent a long handicraft process by one person to tell a story.
Contemporary web browsers revive the animated ASCII art. It becomes possible to display ASCII art animations via JavaScript or Java applets. ASCII static art pictures are loaded and displayed one by one, creating animations, much like how movie projectors rotate film rolls and project individual images on the big screen in theaters. A new term was born: ASCIImation - another name of the ASCII Art Animation. The seminal work in this arena is Star Wars ASCIImation. More complicated routines in JavaScript produce more complicated ASCIImations that exhibit effects such as the Morphing effect, star field emulation, fading effects and countless images, such as mandelbrot fractal animation.
Now there are many tools and programs that can convert raster images into text symbols; some of these tools can operate on streaming video. For example, the music video for American singer Beck's song "Black Rebourine" consists entirely of ASCII characters that are close to the original recording. VLC, media player software, can render any video in colored ASCII via libcaca module.
Other text-based visual art
There are many other types of art using text symbols from character sets other than ASCII and/or some form of color code. Although not pure ASCII, it is still commonly referred to as "ASCII art". Section sets of characters designed specifically for drawing are known as line drawing characters or pseudo-graphics.
ANSI art
IBM PC graphics hardware in text mode uses 16 bits per character. It supports various configurations, but in the default mode under DOS they are used to deliver 256 glyphs from one of IBM's PC code pages (Code page 437 by default), 16 foreground colors, eight background colors, and flash options. Such art can be loaded into the screen's memory directly. ANSI.SYS, if loaded, also allows the art to be placed on the screen by issuing an escape sequence indicating the movement of the screen cursor and flash/flash changes. If this method is used then art becomes known as ANSI art. The IBM PC code page also includes characters intended for simple images that often make this art look cleaner than those made with more traditional character sets. Plain text files are also visible with these characters, though they have become much less frequent since the Windows GUI text editor (using the ANSI Windows code page) has replaced most of the DOS-based ones.
Shift_JIS and Japan
In Japan, ASCII-art (AA) is better known as Shift-JIS Art . Shift JIS offers more character choices than regular ASCII (including characters from Japanese scripts and full ASCII characters), and can be used for text-based art on Japanese websites.
Often, such works of art are designed to be seen with standard Japanese letters on platforms, such as the proportional MS P Gothic.
Kaomoji
Users in ASCII-NET, where the word ASCII refers to ASCII Corporation rather than American Standard Code for Information Interchange, popularizing the emoticons style ( ??? , kaomoji , emoticons) where the face looks upright instead of rotated.
Unicode
Unicode seems to offer the highest flexibility in producing text-based art with a wide variety of characters. However, finding a suitable fixed width font is likely to be difficult if an important part of Unicode is desired. (Modern UNIX-style operating systems provide Unicode fonts with a complete fixed width, for example for xterm.Windows has a Courier New font that includes characters like? - ???????????) Also, common Unicode rendering practices with mixed variable width fonts tend to make the predicted look difficult if more than a small subset of Unicode is used. ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? is an adequate representation of the cat's face in a font with various character widths.
Control and merge characters
The Unicode character assembly mechanism provides many ways to customize styles, even obscure text (eg via online generators like Obfuscator, which focuses on filters). Glitcher is one example of Unicode art , beginning in 2012: Ã, Â «These symbols, ups and downs, are created by combining many diacritical marks. It's a kind of art. There are quite a few artists who use the Internet or certain social networks as their canvas. Ã, Â »Relevant creations are preferred in web browsers (thanks to their ever-improved support), as geo-style user names for social networks. With fair compatibility, and among different online tools, the Facebook symbol displays various types of Unicode art, especially for aesthetic purposes (????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ÃÆ'® ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Also, creatives can be hand-made (with programming), or embedded from mobile apps (e.g. The category of the 'plain text' tool on Android) The underlying technique dates back to the old system that incorporates the control characters, though.German composite ÃÆ'¶ will be replicated on ZX Spectrum by overwriting " after backspace and o . (See below.)
Overprinting (surprint)
In the 1970s and early 1980s it was popular to produce some kind of text art that relied on overprinting. This can be generated either on the screen or in the printer by typing characters, backing up, and then typing other characters, like on a typewriter. It evolves into sophisticated graphics in some cases, such as the PLATO system (c) 1973), where superscripts and subscripts allow for a wide range of graphical effects. The common use is for emoticons, with WOBTAX and VICTORY both producing a convincing smiling face. Overprinting has previously been used on typewriters, but the low resolution pixelation of the characters on video terminals means that excessive printing here produces smooth pixel graphics, rather than a combination of letters that look redundant on paper.
In addition to pixel graphics, it is also used for printing photos, because the overall darkness of a particular character space depends on how many characters, as well as the choice of characters, which are printed in certain places. Thanks to the increased tone tonus, photos are often converted to this type of print. Even manual typewriters or daisy wheel printers can be used. This technique has fallen out of popularity because all cheap printers can easily print photos, and normal text files (or e-mail messages or Usenet posts) can not represent over-printed text. However, something similar has emerged to replace it: shaded or colored ASCII art, using ANSI video terminal markup or color codes (as found in HTML, IRC, and many internet message boards) to add a few tone variations. In this way, it is possible to create ASCII art where characters differ only in color.
Creation
ASCII art text editors are used to create ASCII art from scratch, or to edit existing ASCII art files.
ASCII art can be created from existing digital images using ASCII art converters , online tools or software applications that automatically convert images to ASCII art, using vector quantization. Usually, this is done by sampling the image down to a gray scale with a precision of less than 8-bits, so each value corresponds to a different ASCII character.
See also
- Concrete poem
- Machine type mystery game
- Fax Art
- Types and styles: ASCII stereogram, Emoticon, FILE ID.DIZ,.nfo (release info file)
- Box image character
- Related art: Semigraphics text, ANSI art, ASCII pornography, JIS Shift arts
- Related (contexts): Contest Demo Text Mode, bulletin board system (BBS), computer arts field, Category: artscene group
- Pre-ASCII History: Machine Type, Teleprinter, Radioteletype, ATASCII, PETSCII
- The alt code
- Software: AAlib, cowsay
- Unicode Homoglyph, Duplicate characters in Unicode
References
Further reading
External links
- ASCII Art in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- ASCII TexArt.io Art Collection
- Archive Textfiles.com
- Sixteen Colors of ANSI Art and ASCII Art Archive
- Defacto2.net Scene NFO File Archive
- ASCII art collection Chris.com
- "As-Pixel Characters" collection of ASCII art
- ASCII Star Wars Animation Art, "ASCIIMATION"
- ASCII Keyboard Art Collection
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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