A brick-lined well is a hand dug water well whose walls are filled with bricks, sometimes called "Dutch bricks" if they are trapezoid or made on site. This technique is ancient, but it is still appropriate in developing countries where labor costs are low and material costs are high.
Video Brick-lined well
Antiquity
The well of hand digging is mentioned in the Bible. The inscriptions in Mesopotamia tell of the construction of brick wells in the period before the rule of Sargon Akkad (ca. 2334 - 2279 BC). Brick wells have been dug in Mohenjo-daro and Harappa in the Indus Valley. Mature Harappan technology (2600-1900Ã, BC) includes bricks, probably derived from earlier designs. One well will serve the environment. Clay bricks are trapezoidal, with one end smaller than the other. The bricks are arranged in a circle pointing inward. The smaller end forms an inner wall. In the Lothal settlement, the brick buildings above the elevated mound included well-baked bricks, bathing facilities, and sewers.
Brick wells from more recent dates have been found all over the world. They have been found in Sanjan, Gujarat, India, built around the 11th century. Archaeological excavations in Virginia, USA, have found what appears to be a brick from the 17th century. Brick wells are a hallmark of 19th century farming in rural Illinois. In the Shijiazhuang area of ​​Hebei, China, well-developed irrigation greatly developed before the Revolution. Five or six people can dig a brick well with a depth of 7 to 10 meters (23 to 33 feet) in a week. It can irrigate crops on land up to 20à ¢ â,¬Â you. The same people can dig wells in one day, basically a hole in the ground, but the irrigation capacity is only one fifth of a rocky well.
Maps Brick-lined well
Comparison with other plates
In the West African branches traditionally used to install hand-dug wells, but this requires the use of forest resources that are now often scarce. The old 55-gallon barge (210Ã, Â °, 46Ã, Â ° C) can be used to make upholstery. It can be lowered from the surface as wells are dug and reduce the risk when wells are drowned in sand, gravel or some other unstable formation. However, they corrode and are easily deformed. The cement brick layer is stronger, it is impossible to change shape, and the program can be structurally linked. They are generally cost-effective, although more expensive than the barrel layers.
Steel-reinforced wells are even stronger and can sink deeper, but in developing countries they are usually expensive. Pre-rolled concrete pipes are also excellent coatings, especially if they have smooth tongue-in-groove and exterior connections, as they can be used as a crib when wells are deepened. Again, the cost may prohibit its use.
Design
The brick layer will usually rest on a circular concrete walkway. The layer may have an open connection to allow water to enter. In this case the well is often plugged in the bottom and the water comes in from the side. Ballasts with a diameter of 20 to 25 centimeters (7.9-9.8 inches) are packed around the outer layer to prevent sand from flowing into the well. This design can be used in pebble or rough sand where the water table is shallow. The resistant well is made of stone with cement or lime. They may sink 5-60 meters (16 to 197Ã, ft) deep. Water seeps into the cavity in the open base, or emerges from a pipe that sinks down from the well center into the sand that holds water. The top of the well should prevent any foreign body or surface water from entering the well, so it must be resistant. The top of the well should be protected and the area around the well is drained. The brick layer can greatly improve sanitation if it rises above ground level, preventing contamination of well water by animal waste.
Experience the Peace Corps
In 2007 the US Peace Corps has been promoting the use of Dutch bricks to build holes and soaking wells for many years. The Peace Corps uses the term "Dutch brick" to describe a trapezoidal concrete brick (as opposed to a rectangle) used to coat a well or soak a hole. Bricks can be made from a mixture of cement, sand, and gravel 1: 2: 3. USAID has supported this effort, for example providing funds to buy materials such as cement and rebar for the construction of Dutch brick wells in Mali and Mauretania. Dutch bricks are used to strengthen the sides of wells, with concrete mixed in place and packed into brick molds.
Dutch bricks made for both layers have trapezoidal shapes, with sloping sides so they can be fitted onto a ring. The tilt can be adjusted for larger or smaller rings. Drawing wells with Dutch bricks in this way allows wells to be dug deeper without fear of collapsing walls. But problems can be faced with improperly shaped prints and inexperienced volunteers.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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