Hand dryer is an electric machine found in public bathrooms. They can operate by pressing a button or automatically using the sensor. Hand washing is an important part of hygiene, and therefore an effective method of hand-drying is required.
Video Hand dryer
Cost
Hand dryers have been popular with the industry for their visible economy. According to the manufacturer, hand dryers can save costs up to 99.5% (eg the company can spend $ 2340.00 per year on paper towels, while hand dryer expenditures will be as low as $ 14.00 per year - this will vary according to the cost of paper towels and electricity). They require very little care compared to paper towels, which must be replaced. An added benefit is the elimination of waste paper. Hand dryers are a larger initial investment, so those responsible for facility management should do a careful cost analysis to determine if their costs are effective in their building. The cost is always relative to the kWh charge that the facility is charged by the provider. In the UK, this is usually around 10-12p, the only way to compare costs accurately is to calculate the rated energy consumption and divide it by the amount of drying, hand dryers capable of backing back in 1 hour, this will provide energy consumption per dry. The world's lowest energy hand dryer uses only 1 watt per hour dry and is rated 0.24 kW.
Maps Hand dryer
Effects on environment
Due to the reduction of waste and waste compared to paper towels, which can not be recycled, hand dryers are claimed to be better for the environment. Other studies show that while most of the environmental impact of hand dryers occurs during its use, the environmental impact of paper towels is primarily in material production and manufacturing stages. It is estimated that hand dryers use 5% less energy than paper towels in the first year, and 20% less for five years. A World Dryer study 102 hand dryers installed in public schools in Topeka, Kansas, claimed an annual savings of 34.5 tons of solid waste, 690,000 gallons of water, and 587 trees; Another World Dryer study of 153 hand dryers in the state capital of Iowa showed an annual savings of 10.5 tons of solid waste and 176 trees. However, a Dutch study published in March 1995 showed that there is environmental parity between hand dryers and paper towels as a method of hand drying when all factors are considered.
Hygiene
In 2009, a study published was conducted by the University of Westminster to compare the level of cleanliness offered by tissues, warm-air hand dryers and more modern jet-water hand dryers. It was found that after washing and drying the hands with warm air dryers, the number of bacteria was found to be on average increased on the finger pads by 194% and in the palms by 254%; drying with a jet air dryer resulted in a mean increase of the total number of bacteria on the finger pad by 42% and on the palm by 15%; and after washing and drying the hands with paper towels, the average bacterial count is reduced on average on the finger pads up to 76% and on the palms up to 77%.
The scientists also conducted tests to determine whether there was potential for cross contamination from other toilet users and the toilet environment as a result of any type of drying method. They found that:
- jet air dryers, which blow air out of the unit at a claimed speed of 400 mph (? 640 km/h), capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and units and potentially contaminating other user's restroom and bathroom environments up to 2 meters away.
- the use of warm air hand dryers that disperse micro-organisms up to 0.25 meters from the dryer
- paper towels do not indicate a significant spread of micro-organisms.
In 2005, in a study conducted by TÃÆ'Ã… "V Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated. The following changes in the number of bacteria after hand drying were observed:
Other papers have found that the air dryer disperses marker bacteria within a radius of three feet (one meter) and upwards the laboratory coat of investigators. Another study found that hot air dryers have the capacity to increase the amount of bacteria on the skin, and paper towels that drain the amount of skin bacteria is reduced. This is corroborated by another study that found that the mechanical action of paper towels drains discarded bacteria, something air dryers can not do.
Doctors at the University of Ottawa claim that "warm air can cause dehydration accelerated skin surface, thus affecting the survival" of microorganisms, and that warm air can "penetrate all the cracks in the skin, while absorbent towels may not reach such areas, although the skin looks like a dryer ".
The European Tissue Symposium, a trade body, has produced a position statement on the standard hygiene of different hand drying systems. This summarizes some of the scientific studies undertaken.
Dyson (dryer creator Dyson Airblade) has replied to the proposed claim, indicating that the result was intentionally falsified.
Noise
Many people object to the loud noise made by hand dryers. Typically, an attached hand dryer produces more than 80 decibels of sound at a distance of 10 feet (3.0 m) when operating.
Reception
Research conducted in 2008 shows that European consumers prefer hand towels over hand dryers in public toilets. 63% of respondents said that paper towels are the preferred drying method, while only 28% prefer hand dryers. Respondents strongly considered paper towels to offer faster hand drying than electric hand dryers (68% vs. 14%). Overall they also consider paper towels as the most hygienic form of hand drying in public toilets (53% vs 44%).
History
The earliest hand dryer was patented in 1921 by R.B. Hibbard, D. J. Watrous and J.G. Bassett for Airdry Corporation of Groton New York. This machine is sold as a built-in model unit or stand-by unit consisting of an inverted blower (like a hand-held blow dryer) controlled by a floor pedal. Known as "Airdry The Electric Towel", these units are used in toilets, barbers and factories. Airdry Corporation moved to Chicago and San Francisco in 1924 to concentrate their distribution.
Hand dryers were then popularized in 1948 by George Clemens. In 1993, Mitsubishi Electric introduced a new type of hand dryer that blew air jets on both sides of the hand, pushing the water away from evaporating it.
See also
- Towel
- Paper towel
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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