History of Python

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The Python programming language was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a replacement for ABC capable of handling and interacting with the Amoeba operating system. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, the Dictator of Virtue for Life (BDFL). Python is named for the BBC TV show Monty Python Flying Circus .

Python 2.0 was released on October 16, 2000, with many major new features, including cycle-detect cycle collectors (in addition to reference counting) for memory management and support for Unicode. However, the most important change is the process of development itself, with a shift to a more transparent process and supported by society.

Python 3.0, major, backwards-incompatible release, was released on December 3, 2008 after a long test. Many of its main features have also been supported to Python 2.6 and 2.7 are backward compatible.

Video History of Python

Sejarah awal

In February 1991, van Rossum published the code (labeled version 0.9.0) to alt.sources. Already at this stage of development is a class with inheritance, exception handling, functionality, and core data types from the list , dict , str and so on. in. Also in this early release was a module system borrowed from Modula-3; Van Rossum describes the module as "one of Python's main programming units". The Python exception model also resembles Modula-3, with the addition of the else clause. In 1994 comp.lang.python, the main discussion forum for Python, was formed, marking an important milestone in the growing Python user base.

Maps History of Python

Version 1

Python reached version 1.0 in January 1994. The main new features included in this release are functional programming tools lambda , map , filter and subtract . Van Rossum states that "Python acquires lambda, reduces (), filters () and maps (), belonging to Lisp hackers who miss them and send out functional patches".

The last version released while Van Rossum is at CWI is Python 1.2. In 1995, Van Rossum continued his work on Python in Corporations for the National Research Initiative (CNRI) in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions.

With version 1.4, Python has acquired some new features. Notable among these are the keyword arguments that are inspired by Modula-3 (which are also similar to the Common Lisp keyword argument) and built-in support for complex numbers. It also includes the basic form of hidden data under the name mangling, although this is easy to skip.

During Van Rossum's stay at the CNRI, he launched the Computer Programming for Everyone (CP4E) initiative, which intends to make the program more accessible to more people, with basic "literacy" in the programming language, similar to basic English language skills and math skills required by most employers. Python serves a central role in this regard: because of its focus on clean syntax, it is appropriate, and CP4E goals have something in common with its predecessor, ABC. This project is funded by DARPA. In 2007, the CP4E project was inactive, and while Python tries to be easy to learn and not too mysterious in its syntax and semantics, reaching non-programmers is not an active concern.

BeOpen

In 2000, the Python core development team moved to BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. CNRI requested that version 1.6 be released, summarizing Python's development to the point where the development team left CNRI. As a result, release schedules for 1.6 and 2.0 have significant overlapping numbers. Python 2.0 is the only release from BeOpen.com. After Python 2.0 was released by BeOpen.com, Guido van Rossum and other PythonLabs developers joined Digital Creations.

The release of Python 1.6 includes a new CNRI license that is substantially longer than the CWI license that has been used for previous releases. The new license includes a clause stating that the license is governed by the laws of the State of Virginia. The Free Software Foundation believes that the option-of-law clause is not compatible with the GNU General Public License. BeOpen, CNRI and FSF negotiate changes to Python's free software license that will make it compatible with the GPL. Python 1.6.1 is basically the same as Python 1.6, with some minor bug fixes, and with a new GPL-compatible license.

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Version 2

Python 2.0 introduces a list of comprehensions, a feature borrowed from the SETL and Haskell functional programming languages. The Python syntax for this construct is very similar to Haskell, regardless of the Haskell preference for punctuation characters and Python preferences for alphabetical keywords. Python 2.0 also introduced a garbage collection system that is able to collect reference cycles.

Python 2.1 is close to Python 1.6.1, as well as Python 2.0. This license is renamed the Python Software Foundation License. All codes, documentation, and specifications added, from the time of Python 2.1 on alpha release, are owned by the Python Software Foundation (PSF), a nonprofit organization formed in 2001, modeled after the Apache Software Foundation. This release includes language specification changes to support nested scopes, such as other languages ​​covered statically. (The feature is turned off by default, and is not required, until Python 2.2.)

The major innovation in Python 2.2 is the unification of Python types (types written in C) and classes (types written in Python) into one hierarchy. This single unification makes Python object model pure and consistent object-oriented. Also added Icon-inspired generators.

Python 2.5 was released in September 2006 and introduced the statement with , which encloses the code block in the context of the manager (eg, obtains the key before the code block is executed and releases the key afterwards, or opens the file and then closes it), enables Acquisition behavior Resource Is Initialization (RAII) -like and replace general try/ultimately idiom.

Python 2.6 is released to coincide with Python 3.0, and includes some features of that release, as well as a "warning" mode that highlights the use of features removed in Python 3.0. Similarly, Python 2.7 coincides with and includes features of Python 3.1, which was released on June 26, 2009. Parallel 2.x and 3.x releases then stopped, and Python 2.7 is the latest release in the 2.x series. In November 2014, it was announced that Python 2.7 will be supported until 2020, but users are encouraged to move to Python 3 as soon as possible.

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Version 3

Python 3.0 (also called "Python 3000" or "Py3K") was released on December 3, 2008. It was designed to fix the fundamental design weaknesses in the language - the necessary changes could not be implemented while maintaining full backwards compatibility with the 2x series, new main version. The basic principle of Python 3 is: "reduce duplicate features by eliminating the old way of doing things".

Python 3.0 is developed with the same philosophy as in previous versions. However, since Python has put together new and exaggerated ways to program the same task, Python 3.0 has an emphasis on removal of constructs and duplicate modules, according to "There must be one - and preferably only one - a clear way to do it".

Nonetheless, Python 3.0 remains a multi-paradigm language. Coders still have a choice between object orientation, structured programming, functional programming and other paradigms, but in such broad choices, the details are intended to be more obvious in Python 3.0 than in Python 2.x.

Compatibility

Python 3.0 destroys compatibility, and many Python 2 code does not run without modification in Python 3. Python's dynamic checking combined with plans to change the semantics of certain dictionary methods, for example, makes perfect mechanical translation of Python 2.x into Python 3.0 extremely difficult. The tool called "2to3" does a translation section that can be done automatically. At the moment, 2to3 seems to be quite successful, although the initial review notes that there are aspects of translation that will never be handled by such a tool. Before the launch of Python 3, projects requiring compatibility with both 2.x and 3.x series were recommended to have one source (for the 2.x series), and generate a release for the Python 3.x platform using 2to3. Python 3.x code editing is not recommended as long as the code is required to run in Python 2.x. This is no longer recommended; in 2012 the preferred approach is to create a single code base that can run under both Python 2 and 3 using the compatibility module.

Features

Some of the major changes included for Python 3.0 are:

• Change print so this becomes a built-in function, not a statement. This simplifies module replacement to use different print functions, as well as make the syntax more organized. In Python 2.6 and 2.7 print () is available as builtin but is covered by print statement syntax, which can be disabled by entering from __future__ import print_function at the top of the file.
• The abolition of Python 2 function input , and renaming the function raw_input to input . The input Python 3 function behaves like the raw_input Python 2 function, in which case the input is always returned as a string, rather than evaluated as an expression.
• Move subtract (but not map or filter ) from the default namespace and functools (The reason is that operation using reducing is expressed more clearly using the accumulated loop);
• Added support for annotations of optional functions that can be used for informal type declarations or other purposes;
• Unifies the str / unicode type, represents the text, and introduces a separate unaltered bit bytes; and type bytearray that can change mostly, both represent byte arrays;
• Removes backwards compatibility features, including old style classes, string exceptions, and implicitly imported imports.
• Changes in integer division function. (In Python 2, 5/2 is 2 .In Python 3, 5/2 is 2.5 , and 5//2 is 2 ).

The next release in the Python 3.x series has included additional, substantial new features; all ongoing language development is done in series 3.x.


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Release date version

Tanggal rilis untuk versi mayor dan minor:

• Implementasi dimulai - Desember, 1989
• Rilis internal di Centrum Wiskunde & amp; Informatica - 1990
• Python 0.9.0 - 20 Februari 1991
  • Python 0.9.1 - Februari, 1991
  • Python 0.9.2 - Musim Gugur, 1991
  • Python 0.9.4 - 24 Desember 1991
  • Python 0.9.5 - 2 Januari 1992
  • Python 0.9.6 - 6 April 1992
  • Python 0.9.8 - 9 Januari 1993
  • Python 0.9.9 - 29 Juli 1993

• Python 1.0 - Januari 1994
  • Python 1.2 - 10 April 1995
  • Python 1.3 - 12 Oktober 1995
  • Python 1.4 - 25 Oktober 1996
  • Python 1.5 - 31 Desember 1997
  • Python 1.6 - 5 September 2000
• Python 2.0 - 16 Oktober 2000
  • Python 2.1 - 17 April 2001
  • Python 2.2 - 21 Desember 2001
  • Python 2.3 - 29 Juli 2003
  • Python 2.4 - 30 November 2004
  • Python 2.5 - 19 September 2006
  • Python 2.6 - 1 Oktober 2008
  • Python 2.7 - 3 Juli 2010
• Python 3.0 - 3 Desember 2008
  • Python 3.1 - 27 Juni 2009
  • Python 3.2 - 20 Februari 2011
  • Python 3.3 - 29 September 2012
  • Python 3.4 - 16 Maret 2014
  • Python 3.5 - 13 September 2015
  • Python 3.6 - 23 Desember 2016

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Lihat juga

• Sejarah rekayasa perangkat lunak

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Referensi

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Tautan eksternal

• Guido Van Rossum blog tentang Sejarah Python

Source of the article : Wikipedia