Material handling

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Material handling involves short-range movements within the boundaries of buildings or between buildings and transport vehicles. It uses a variety of manual, semi-automatic, and automatic equipment and covers consideration of the protection, storage, and control of materials throughout manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption, and disposal. Material handling can be used to create time and place of utility through the handling, storage, and control of materials, different from manufacturing, which creates utility shapes by changing the shape, shape and makeup material.

Video Material handling

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Material handling plays an important role in manufacturing and logistics, which together represent more than 20% of the US economy. Nearly every item of physical trade is transported on conveyors or lift trucks or other types of material handling equipment in manufacturing plants, warehouses, and retail stores. While material handling is usually required as part of every work of production workers, more than 650,000 people in the United States work as specialized "machinery transfer operators" and have an average annual wage of $ 31,530 (May 2012). The operator uses material handling equipment to transport various items in various industrial settings including moving construction materials around building sites or moving goods to ships.

Maps Material handling

Design of material handling system

Material handling is an integral part of the design of most production systems because the efficient flow of materials between production system activities depends heavily on the arrangement (or layout ) of the activity. If two activities are adjacent to each other, then the material can easily be passed from one activity to another. If the activities are sequential, the conveyor can move the material at a low cost. If activities are separated, more expensive industrial trucks or overhead conveyors are required for transportation. The high cost of using industrial trucks for material transportation is due to operator labor costs and a negative impact on the performance of the production system (eg, increased in-process work) when multiple units of material are combined into a batch transfer to reduce the amount of travel required for transportation.

Unit load concept

One unit of charge is one unit of goods, or several units that are regulated or restricted so that it can be handled as a unit and maintain its integrity. Although granular, liquid, and gaseous materials can be transported in large quantities, they can also be incorporated into cargo units using pockets, drums, and cylinders. The advantage of unit load is that more goods can be handled at the same time (thus reducing the amount of travel required, and potentially reducing handling costs, loading and disassembly times, and product damage) and enabling the use of standard material handling equipment.. Lack of unit load includes the negative impact of batching on the production system production load, and the cost of returning the empty container/pallet to the point of origin.

Handling in process

Load units can be used both for handling in the process and for distribution (receiving, storing, and shipping). The unit load design involves determining the type, size, weight, and load configuration; equipment and methods used to handle loads; and methods of shaping (or building) and breaking the load. For in-process handling, unit loads should not be greater than the size of the production batch of the part being processed. Large production batches (used to improve bottleneck activity) can be divided into smaller batch transfers for handling purposes, where each batch of transfers contains one or more load units, and a small load unit can be incorporated into batches greater transfers to enable more efficient transport.

Distribution

Choosing unit loading sizes for distribution can be difficult because containers/pallets are usually only available in standard sizes and configurations; truck trailers, railway cars, and aircraft cargo space are limited to wide, long and high; and the number of viable containers/pallet sizes for the load may be limited due to the existing warehouse layout and storage shelf configuration and the size of the customer/carton pack and retail store shelf restrictions. Also, the practical size of the unit load can be limited by the available equipment and hallway space and the need for safe material handling.

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Material handling type

Manual handling

Manual handling refers to the use of a worker's hand to move an individual container by lifting, lowering, filling, emptying, or carrying it. This can expose workers to physical conditions that can cause injuries that represent a large percentage of the more than half a million cases of musculoskeletal disorders reported in the US each year, and often involve strains and sprains to the lower back, shoulders, and upper extremities.. Ergonomic improvements can be used to modify manual handling tasks to reduce injury. These fixes may include reconfiguration of tasks and use positioning equipment such as lifting/tilting tables, hoists, balancers, and manipulators to reduce reach and bending. The NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) 1991 The Revision Equation Revision can be used to evaluate manual lifting assignments. Under ideal circumstances, the maximum weight recommended for manual lifting to avoid back injury is 51 pounds (23.13 kg). Using the right conditions of the elevator (height, lift, weight, weight relative to the body, asymmetrical lift, and elusive objects), six multipliers are used to reduce the maximum weight suggested for less ideal lifting tasks.

Automatic handling

Whenever feasible technically and economically, the equipment can be used to reduce and sometimes replace the need to handle materials manually. Most existing material handling equipment is just semi-automatic because human operators are required for tasks such as loading/disassembling and driving that are difficult and/or too expensive to fully automate. However, advances in sensing, machine intelligence, and robotics have made it possible to fully automate the increase in the number of handling tasks. A rough guide to determine how much can be spent on automated equipment that will replace a material handler is to consider that, with the benefit, the median moving machine operator costs $ 45,432 per year. Assuming a real interest rate of 1.7% and a life span of 5 years for equipment with no residual value, the company must be willing to pay up to

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to buy automatic equipment to replace one worker. In many cases, automated equipment is not as flexible as human operators, either in relation to being unable to perform certain tasks as well as humans and can not be easily transferred to perform other tasks as needs change.