The shopping cart (English American) or the trolley (English English), also known by various other names, is the cart provided by the store, especially the supermarket, for customer use in-store to transport goods to the cashier counter during shopping. In many cases customers can then also use trains to transport the goods they buy to their vehicles, but some carts are designed to prevent them from leaving the store.
In many places in the United States and United Kingdom, customers are allowed to leave the cart in the designated area in the parking lot, and the shop personnel will return the cart to the storage area. However, in many continental Europe, a coin-operated locking mechanism (or token-) is provided to encourage buyers to return the cart to the correct location after use.
Research shows that it is advisable for buyers to clean the grip and basket area before handling or filling it with groceries due to the high level of bacteria that usually live in the shopping cart. This is because carts have a high level of exposure to the skin flora of previous users.
Video Shopping cart
Design
Most modern shopping carts are made of metal or a combination of metal and plastic and have been designed to nest one another in one line to facilitate the collection and transfer of many at once as well as to save storage space. Carts can come in different sizes, with larger ones capable of carrying a child. There are also special carts designed for two children, and electric mobility scooters with baskets designed for disabled customers.
In the United States, 24,000 children are injured each year on a shopping cart. Some stores both in the US and internationally have children carrying carts that look like cars or vans with seats where a child can sit with a steering wheel and sometimes a trumpet. Such "Car-Carts" can offer protection and comfort by keeping the child in control, down to the ground, protected from falling things, and amusement.
Shopping carts are usually equipped with four wheels, but if one wheel is jammed the train can be difficult to handle. Most wagons in the United States have a swivel wheel on the front, while the rear wheels remain in orientation, whereas in Europe it is more common to have four rotary wheels. The differences in this design correlate with smaller retail places in Europe.
The alternative to a shopping cart is a small shopping cart . Customers can choose a basket for a small amount of merchandise. Small shops, where carts are impractical, often only provide baskets, or may offer a small cart that uses a shopping cart that is inserted in a train frame to give customers choice.
Maps Shopping cart
History
First shopping cart development by Sylvan Goldman
One of the first shopping carts introduced on June 4, 1937, the discovery of Sylvan Goldman, owner of Humpty Dumpty's supermarket chain in Oklahoma. One night, in 1936, Goldman sat in his office wondering how customers could move more groceries. He found a wooden folding chair and put a basket in a chair and wheels on his legs. Goldman and one of his employees, a mechanic named Fred Young, began to fiddle with. Their first shopping cart was a metal frame that held two wire baskets. Because they were inspired by folding chairs, Goldman referred to his cart as a "folding basket carrier". Another mechanic, Arthur Kosted, developed a method for mass-producing carts by creating an assembly line capable of forming and welding wires. The cart was given a patent number of 2,196,914 on April 9, 1940 (Filing Date: March 14, 1938), entitled, "Basket of Folds for Supermarkets". They advertise this discovery as part of the new "Carrying Cart Plan". Goldman has pioneered the supermarket and carts are part of the self-service retail concept.
This discovery did not follow soon. Men find them sissy; women find them suggestive of strollers. "I've pushed my last baby," an insulted woman told Goldman. After hiring some male and female models to encourage his new inventions around his store and show his usefulness, as well as the greeter to explain his use, the shopping cart became very popular and Goldman became a multimillionaire. In urban areas such as New York City, where transporting groceries to homes from store parking lots is more likely to involve walking and/or travel by public transport than by car, private wagons that resemble Goldman's design are still popular. Instead of baskets, these carts were built to hold the paper bags issued by the grocery store.
Another shopping cart innovator is Orla Watson, who found the back door swinging to allow "nesting" in 1946.
Goldman continues to make modifications to the original design, but the advice of his trusty business partner Fred Taylor, the owner of the grocery store, and George O'Donnell, the cooler seller at the grocery store, and the incorporation of Watson's swinging gates produce the familiar trolley we see today (though original telescope cart has two baskets instead of one). Goldman patented a similar version of the train he called "Nest-Kart" in 1948, more than a year after Watson filed his patent. The Nest-Kart combines the same nesting mechanism that is present in Watson's shopping cart, and intrusion investigations are ordered by Telescope Carts, Inc. which declared a patent infringement in 1948. After a protracted legal battle, Goldman finally recognized Watson's discovery and paid a dollar in damages for counterfeit goods, instead giving Watson an exclusive operating license to Goldman (apart from the three licenses granted).
In 1909, Bessie DeCamp found a seat belt for a chair, go-cart or carriage. This is good before the shopping cart with child seat area is found. Goldman introduced a child seat area in a shopping cart in 1947. For whatever reason, it was not until 1967 that seat belts for the shopping cart were introduced by David Allen. It was high technology for the time, because it was a retractable seat belt.
Development of tethering cart by Orla Watson
In 1946, Orla Watson devised a system for telescope shopping carts (ie, "nesting") that did not require assembly or disassembly of parts before and after use such as the Goldman basket; Goldman's design up to this point requires that the wagon be folded like a folding chair. This cart can be attached to another basket for compact storage through a one-way back door swinging. The swinging back door forms the basis of the patent claims, and is a major innovation in the evolution of modern shopping carts. Watson filed a patent application on the invention of the shopping cart in 1946, but Goldman fought it out and applied for a patent similar to the one-bucket-door swing feature with only one basket in 1948 named Goldman "Nest-Kart". After much litigation and alleged patent infringement, Goldman relinquished his rights to a patent in 1949 to Watson and his company, Telescope Carts, Inc. realized that the swinging back door feature was the key to Watson's patents. Watson granted patent # 2,479,530 on August 16, 1949. Instead, Goldman was granted exclusive license rights other than the other three licenses previously granted; Telescope Carts, Inc. continues to receive royalties for every train manufactured by the Goldman company that incorporates a "nesting" design. This includes any shopping cart that uses a hinged back door, including a "nested" basket design similar to the one used today.
Due to its remarkable success, many different manufacturers wanted to produce a shopping cart with a rear swing feature but were refused because of an exclusive license issued to Goldman. The federal government filed a lawsuit against Telescope Carts, Inc. in 1950 stating that the exclusive license granted to Goldman was invalid, and the Approval Decree was entered into place of Telescope Carts, Inc. agree to offer the same license to any manufacturer. Orla Watson and Telescope Carts, Inc. licensed their telescopic shopping cart design to several manufacturers throughout the 1950s and 1960s until the patent was over.
New developments
In 2012, a driverless shopping cart is created by Chaotic Moon Labs. The device, called "Project Sk8" or "Smarter Cart" is basically a cart equipped with Windows Kinect (for detecting obstacles), and electric drivetrain, and is used in conjunction with Windows 8 tablets. For smaller stores, shopping carts with Wheels can be used either as a large basket or a small basket. This cart is designed for indoor use only
Retail store receipts
Previous studies have determined that retailers who do not offer shopping carts like Sears experience lower sales compared to retailers using shopping carts. After the introduction of a shopping cart and a centralized checkpoint at the Sears store, the company saw a corresponding increase in sales.
In 2004, Britain's Tesco supermarket chain, packing shopping carts with user-customizable wheelchairs, heart rate monitoring and hardware calorie counting in an effort to raise awareness of health issues. The introduction to this basket coincides with Tesco's sponsorship of Race for Life cancer awareness.
Also in 2004, shopping carts were identified as a source of pathogens and are a major concern of public health. This is mainly due to the media spotlight on a Japanese study that revealed a large number of bacteria in the shopping cart. The findings were later supported by a University of Arizona study in 2007. Now sanitary wipes, to clean hands and shopping carts, are visible near the entrance of most retailers.
In 2009, the researchers developed a controlled context prototype by paying attention to the shopping cart by attaching the tablet computer to the regular cart. Initial field trials demonstrate that a prototype context awareness provides an opportunity to enhance and change the shopping experience.
Some retailers, such as Target, have started using trains made entirely of recycled plastics with the only metal parts that become wheel axles, away from existing metal cart designs. The target cart has won design awards for enhanced casters, replaceable plastic parts to simplify repairs, and handles that improve maneuverability. Other cart designs also incorporate additional features such as cupholder for cold or hot beverages or flower bouquets, along with other features such as safe shelves for tablet computers or cell phones to allow for the use of coupons and cellular circles, or as seen in the all-plastic design made for the Festival The food is based in Wisconsin and is also used by Whole Foods Market by Bemis Manufacturing Company, all of these features, along with an additional rung on the side rails designed to attach a plastic bag or bring a handle to the drink. Half-sized carts for smaller shopping trips have also become common.
Deposit
In many countries, a customer must pay a small deposit by entering a coin, token, or card, which is returned if and when the customer returns the cart to the designated basket's parking space. One of the motivations behind the deposit system is to reduce the cost of employees having to collect the carts that are not returned, and to avoid the damage done by the cart running. The non-refundable trolley can be returned voluntarily by pedestrians, with the deposit money acting as a reward.
Although almost everywhere on the European continent, the deposit system is less common in the UK and Canada and has not been widely adopted in the United States, with the exception of several chains like Aldi, which require a $ 0.25 deposit. Other stores such as Costco and ShopRite also use coin storage systems, but are not used in all their locations.
In Australia, public storage systems are in some areas of the local government as they have been required by local law. Typically, all ALDI stores, and most of the Coles and Woolworths stores will have a lock mechanism on their carts that require $ 1 or $ 2 coins to unlock.
Deposits vary, but usually coins with a higher value, such as EUR1, Ã, Â £ 1, or $ 1 are used. While storage systems are typically designed to accommodate certain domestic coin sizes, foreign coins, foreign currencies (such as German D-Marks), or even properly folded cardboard pieces can be used to open the cart as well. Basket collectors are also usually given a special key that they can use to open the cart from the basket and get the key back.
Some retailers sell "tokens" as an alternative to coins, often for charity. Merchandising companies also offer branded shopping tokens as a product.
Theft prevention
Theft of a shopping cart can be a costly issue with stores that use it. The carts, which normally cost between $ 75 and $ 150 each with some models being $ 300-400, are removed by people for various purposes. To prevent costly thefts, estimated at $ 800 million worldwide per year, stores use a variety of systems, which are discussed below.
Retrieval service
Most North American retailers use a basket-picking service, which collects carts found outside of a store location and returns them to the store for a fee. The main strength of this system is the ability of pedestrian customers to bring home purchases and allow retailers to retrieve the abandoned carriages in a timely fashion at a cost of a penny from the replacement basket. It also allows retailers to maintain their basket inventory without expensive capital expenditures. The downside of this method is reactive rather than proactively preventing the cart from leaving the parking lot.
Electronic and magnetic
Electronic systems are sometimes used by retailers. Each shopping cart is equipped with an electronic wheel lock clamp, or 'boot'. US Pat. 5598144A. A thin-wire transmitter is placed around the parking lot, and the boot lock when the cart leaves the designated area. The store personnel must then disable the key with the remote handheld to return the train to stock. Often a line is painted in front of the broadcast range to alert the customer that their train will stop when it passes the line. However, this system is very expensive to install and although useful is not easy. Wheels can be lifted through an electronic barrier and/or pushed strong enough so that the key is broken. There are also security issues if the person is pushing the trolley running, and also if the trolley does not lock and taken to the road, locks up because the magnetic material is under the road. Some cities require retailers to install wheel-locking systems in their shopping carts. In some cases, electronic systems companies have been pushing such legislation to create potential listeners of potential customers.
Physical
A low-tech theft prevention form uses physical barriers, such as vertical posts at the store entrance to prevent carts from being taken to the parking lot. This method also inhibits physically disabled customers, who may be illegal in many jurisdictions. For example, in the United States, it is a violation of America with Disabilities Act.
Another way is to put a pole higher than the entrance, into the shopping cart, so that the pole will block out of the train. However, this method requires that store shelves are higher than poles, including lamps, piping, any nameplate and ancillary equipment. It also prevents customers from transporting their purchases to their cars in store carts. Many customers are learning to bring their own folding baskets or baskets that can be folded with them, which they can usually hang in shop outs when shopping.
The next system is to use the animal lattice style system. All pedestrian exit doors have specially designed floor tiles, along with specially designed wheels on wagons, will paralyze the train as they roll onto them. Like a magnetic system, this can be easily overcome by lifting the cart over the tiles.
Some retailers, including the Aldi supermarket chain, use a system in which each wagon has a lock mounted on the handle, connecting it to the front rail when nesting together, or to a chain mounted on the cart collection cart. The key is released when the appropriate coin or token is entered, and the user gets the coin or token removed from the lock when the cart is connected to another trolley. This encourages buyers to return their carts, solve theft problems and wagon issues left behind in the parking lot. The system is a bit flawed, however, in the wagon can be attached to each other away from the cage and take your token from all but the front cart.
Name
Shopping cart names vary by region. The following name is the region-specific name for the shopping cart. Many of these names may be used alone or in descriptive phrases such as groceries ____ , shopping ____ , or supermarkets _____ Ã,:
- cart , or cart Ã, - United States and Canada.
- buggy - Used by some in Southeastern Michigan, Southern United States, and parts of Canada
- the trolley - UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, South Africa, and some regions of Canada.
- transport - Used by some people in the New England region of the United States.
- trundler Ã, - New Zealand.
- barrae or coohudder - Some places in Scotland.
- bascart Ã, - different regions.
- carts Ã, - New York, Hawaii.
For people with disabilities
Special electronic shopping carts are provided by many retailers for the elderly or people with disabilities. This is basically an electric wheelchair with built-in baskets. They allow customers to navigate around the store and collect items.
Manually supported carts are also available specifically designed for use by wheelchair users. The help that remains to be done for PwDs is the addition of a guide wheel at the center of the cart's rotation with four caster wheels. To allow the laying of the wagon so as not to be disturbed the guide wheel is attached to the front of the wagon with a piece of spring steel that bends under the weight of the train.
See also
- Motorized shopping cart
References
External links
- Shopping Cart Injury Associated with Children of the American Academy of Pediatrics
- Paper about shopping cart history
- "Telescopic Shopping Collection" at the National Museum of American History (Smithsonian Institution)
- Reverse Operation CAPS Shopping Cart Wheel Locks
- DEFRA's guide on shopping cart security.
- Guidance in Sections 99 and Schedule 4 of the 1990 Environmental Protection Act as amended by the Clean Environment and Environment Act 2005. DEFRA
- Daugherty, Julia Ann P. "The History and Culture Encyclopedia of Oklahoma." Oklahoma State University - Library - Home. Web. October 11, 2010.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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