3D printing has many applications. In the field of manufacturing, medicine, architecture, and art and special design. Some people use 3D printers to create more 3D printers. In the current scenario, the 3D printing process has been used in the manufacturing, medical, industrial and socio-cultural sectors that facilitate 3D printing into successful commercial technology.
Video Applications of 3D printing
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Three-dimensional printing makes it cheap to make single items as they generate thousands and thereby undermine economies of scale. This may have a huge impact on the world because of the arrival of the plant.... Just as no one could foresee the impact of a steam engine in 1750 - or a printing press in 1450, or a transistor in 1950 - it was impossible to foresee a long term impact length of 3D printing. But the technology will come, and it will likely interfere with every area it touches.
AM Technology invented applications that began in the 1980s in product development, data visualization, rapid prototyping, and specialized manufacturing. Their expansion into production (production work, mass production, and distributed manufacturing) has been in development for decades ever since. The role of industrial production in the metalworking industry reached a significant scale for the first time in early 2010. Since the beginning of the 21st century there has been considerable growth in AM machine sales, and their prices have dropped substantially. According to Wohlers Associates, a consultant, a market for 3D printers and services worth $ 2.2 billion worldwide in 2012, up 29% from 2011. McKinsey predicts that additive manufacturing can have an economic impact of $ 550 billion annually by 2025. many applications for AM technology, including architecture, construction (AEC), industrial design, automotive, aerospace, military, engineering, dental and medical industries, biotechnology (human tissue replacement), fashion, footwear, jewelry, eyeglasses, education, geographical, food, and many other fields.
The initial application of manufacturing additives has been in the toolroom section of the manufacturing spectrum. For example, rapid prototyping is one of the earliest additive variants, and its mission is to reduce lead time and cost of developing new prototype parts and devices, previously only done with less attractive toolroom methods such as cnc grinding and rolling, and precision grinding, more accurate than 3d printing with accuracy up to 0.00005 "and creates better quality parts faster, but is sometimes too expensive for low accuracy prototype parts.With advances in technology in additive manufacturing, however, and the deployment of such advances into business the additive method moves further into the final production of manufacturing in a creative and sometimes unexpected way.The part that was once the only province of the subtractive method can now in some cases be made more profitable through additives.In addition, new developments in Technology RepRap allows devices that are sa ma to undertake both additive and subtractive manufacturing by swapping the tool-mounted magnetic head.
Creating cloud-based additives
The creation of additives in combination with cloud computing technology enables decentralized and independent geographically distributed distributed production. Manufacturing of cloud-based additives refers to a service-oriented network manufacturing model in which service consumers can build parts through Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), Hardware-as-a-Service (HaaS ), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Distributed manufacturing as practiced by some companies; there are also services like 3D Hubs that place people who need 3D printing in contact with printer owners.
Some companies offer on-line 3D printing services for commercial and personal customers, working from 3D designs uploaded to company websites. 3D print design is sent to the customer or taken from the service provider.
Bulk customization
The company has created a service where consumers can customize objects using simplified web-based customization software, and order the resulting items as unique 3D-printed objects. This now allows consumers to make special cases for their phones. Nokia has released a 3D design for its case so owners can customize their own casing and print it with 3D.
Quick manufacturing
Advances in RP technology have introduced materials suitable for final manufacturing, which in turn introduces the possibility of making the components so direct. One advantage of 3D printing for fast manufacturing lies in the relatively inexpensive production with fewer parts.
Rapid manufacturing is a new manufacturing method and many of its processes remain unproven. 3D printing is now entering the fast manufacturing field and is identified as the "next level" technology by many experts in the 2009 report. One of the most promising processes is selective sintering laser adaptation (SLS), or direct metal sintering lasers (DMLS) some prototyping methods faster is better. However, in 2006, these techniques are still very early, with many hurdles to overcome before RM can be considered as a realistic manufacturing method.
Quick prototyping
Industrial 3D printers have been around since the early 1980s and have been widely used for rapid prototyping and research. These are generally larger engines that use proprietary metal powders, media casting (eg sand), plastics, paper or cartridges, and are used for rapid prototyping by universities and commercial establishments.
Research
3D printing can be very useful in a research laboratory because of its ability to create custom bespoke geometry. In 2012, a proof of principle project at the University of Glasgow, UK, suggests that it is possible to use 3D printing techniques to aid in the production of chemical compounds. They first printed a chemical reaction vessel, then used the printer to store the reactants into it. They have produced a new compound to verify the validity of the process, but do not pursue anything with a particular app.
Typically, the FDM process is used to produce a hollow reaction vessel or microreactor. If the 3D molding is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere, the reaction vessel can be charged with a highly reactive substance during printing. The 3D printed objects are air and waterproof for several weeks. By printing reaction vessels in the geometry of cuvettes or general measuring tubes, routine analytical measurements such as UV/VIS-, IR and NMR spectroscopy can be performed directly in 3D molding vessels.
In addition, 3D printing has been used in research laboratories as an alternative method for producing components for use in experiments, such as magnetic shields and vacuum components with performance shown to be comparable to parts traditionally produced.
Food
The manufacture of food additives is being developed by squeezing food, layer by layer, into three-dimensional objects. A variety of foods are the right candidates, like chocolates and sweets, and flat foods like biscuits, pasta, and pizza. NASA has considered the versatility of the concept, awarding contracts to the Materials Research System and Consultancy to study the feasibility of printing food in space. One of the problems with food printing is the texture nature of food. For example, foods that are not strong enough to be submitted are not suitable for 3D printing.
Added heavy equipment
Agile tools are the process of using modular means to design tools produced by additive manufacturing or 3D printing methods to enable prototypes and quick response to tooling and equipment requirements. The agile equipment uses cost effective and high quality methods to respond to customer and market needs quickly. Can be used in hydro-forming, stamping, injection molding and other manufacturing processes.
Maps Applications of 3D printing
Medical applications
The use of 3D-centric printing therapy surgery has a history that began in the mid-1990s with anatomical modeling for surgical planning of bone reconstruction. By practicing on the tactile model before surgery, the surgeon is better prepared and the patient receives better treatment. The patient-matched implant is a natural extension of this work, leading to a truly personalized implant that fits one unique individual. Planning virtual surgery and guidance using 3D printing, personalized instruments have been applied to many areas of operation including total joint replacement and craniomaxillofacial reconstruction with great success. Further studies on the use of models for heart planning and solid organ surgery have led to increased use in this area. Hospital-based 3D printing is now very attractive and many agencies are pursuing adding this specialization in the individual radiology departments. This technology is used to make the device unique and suitable for patients for rare diseases. One example is the bioresorbable trachial splint to treat newborns with tracheobronchomalacia developed at the University of Michigan. Some device manufacturers have also started using 3D printing for surgical guides that are suitable for patients (polymers). The use of additive manufacturing for the production of orthopedic (metal) implant serials is also increasing because of the ability to efficiently create porous surface structures that facilitate osseointegration. Molds for broken bones are adjustable and open, allowing users to scratch any itching, washing and ventilation of damaged areas. They can also be recycled.
The fused filament fusion (FFF) has been used to create microstructure with three dimensional internal geometry. Sacrificial structures or supplementary supporting materials are not required. Structures using polylactic acid (PLA) can have fully controlled porosity in the range of 20% -60%. The scaffold can serve as a biomedical template for cell culture, or biodegradable implants for tissue engineering.
3D printing has been used to print implants and patient-specific devices for medical use. Successful surgery including the titanium pelvis implanted into English patients, mandibular titanium mandible transplanted into Dutch patients, and plastic tracheal splints for American infants. Hearing aids and the dental industry is expected to be the largest future development area by using custom 3D printing technology. In March 2014, surgeons at Swansea used a 3D mold component to rebuild the face of motorcyclists who have been badly injured in road accidents. Research is also underway on methods for replacing bio-printing for tissue lost due to arthritis and cancer.
3D printing technology can now be used to create exact organ replicas. The printer uses images from an MRI or CT scan of the patient as a template and puts a rubber or plastic coating.
Bio-printing
In 2006, researchers at Cornell University published several pioneering works in 3D printing for network fabrication, which successfully printed bio hydrogel ink. The work at Cornell is expanded using specialized bioprinters produced by Seraph Robotics, Inc., a university spin-out, which helps catalyze global interest in 3D biomedical printing research.
3D printing has been regarded as a method of implanting stem cells capable of generating new tissues and organs in living humans. With their ability to transform into other cell types in the human body, stem cells offer great potential in bio-3D printing. Professor Leroy Cronin from Glasgow University proposed in TED Talk 2012 that it is possible to use chemical inks to print the drug.
In 2012, 3D bio-printing technology has been studied by biotechnology companies and academics for possible use in network engineering applications where organs and body parts are built using inkjet techniques. In this process, the live cell layer is deposited onto a medium gel or sugar matrix and is slowly constructed to form a three-dimensional structure including a vascular system. The first production system for 3D network printing was delivered in 2009, based on the NovoGen bioprinting technology. Several terms have been used to refer to this area of ​​research: organ printing, bio-printing, printing of body parts, and computer-aided network engineering, among others. The possibility of using 3D network printing to create soft-tissue architecture for reconstructive surgery is also being explored.
In 2013, Chinese scientists began printing ear, liver and kidney, with living tissue. Researchers in China have managed to print human organs using a special 3D bio printer that uses living cells instead of plastics. Researchers at Hangzhou Dianzi University designed the "3D bio printer" dubbed "Regenovo". Xu Mingen, the developer of Regenovo, said it could produce a miniature sample of liver tissue or ear cartilage in less than an hour, predicting that a fully functional molding organ may take 10 to 20 years to develop.
Medical devices
On October 24, 2014, a five-year-old girl born without intact fingers in her left hand became the first child in Britain to have prosthetic hands made with 3D printing technology. His hands are designed by E-nable, an open source design organization that uses a network of volunteers to design and make prosthetics especially for children. The prosthetic hand is based on a cast made by his parents. A boy named Alex was also born with a missing arm from just above the elbow. The team can use 3D printing to upload a Myoelectric e-NABLE arm that runs from the servos and batteries driven by electromyographic muscles. Using 3D printers, E-NABLE has so far distributed over 400 plastic hands to children.
Printed prosthetics have been used in the rehabilitation of paralyzed animals. In 2013, 3D foot prints let the lobbing ducks run again. In 2014, a chihuahua born without a front foot is equipped with a suit of armor and wheels made with a 3D printer. Hermit crab shell printed 3D lets hermit crabs in new stylish homes. The prosthetic beak is another tool developed by using 3D printing to help the bald eagle Beauty, whose beak is heavily mutilated from a shot on the face. Since 2014, commercial titanium knee implants made with 3D printers for dogs have been used to restore animal mobility. More than 10,000 dogs in Europe and the United States have been treated after just one year.
In February 2015, the FDA approved the marketing of surgical bolts that facilitate less invasive foot surgery and eliminate the need to drill bones. 3D titanium molding device, 'FastForward Bone Tether Plate' is approved for use in corrective surgery to treat bunions. In October 2015, Professor Andreas Herrmann's group at the University of Groningen has developed the first 3D printing resin with antimicrobial properties. Using stereolithography, quaternary ammonium groups are introduced into the dental apparatus that kills bacteria in contact. This type of material can be further applied in medical equipment and implants.
On June 6, 2011, the Xilloc Medical company together with researchers at the University of Hasselt, in Belgium, had succeeded in printing a new jawbone for an 83-year-old Dutch woman from Limburg province.
3D printing has been used to produce prosthetic beaks for eagles, a Brazilian swan named Victoria, and a toucan of Costa Rica called Grecia.
Pill
The first pills manufactured with 3D printing were approved by the FDA in August 2015. Drug-strainers into the medicinal powder allow porous pills to be produced, allowing high doses of the drug in a rapidly dissolving and digestible pill. easily. This has been shown for Spritam, a levetiracetam reformulation for the treatment of epilepsy.
Industrial applications
Clothing
3D printing has entered the world of clothing with fashion designers experimenting with bikinis, shoes, and 3D printed dresses. In commercial production Nike uses 3D printing to create prototypes and produces Vapor Laser Talon football shoes 2012 for American soccer players, and New Balance is a 3D custom-fit manufacturing shoe for athletes.
3D printing has reached the point where the company prints consumer grade glasses with customized adjustments and styles (though they can not print the lens). Customization on demand for glasses is possible with rapid prototyping.
However, comments have been made in the academic circle regarding the potential limitation of human acceptance of customized clothing items due to the potential reduction of brand value communications.
In the world of high fashion palaces such as Karl Lagerfeld designing for Chanel, Iris van Herpen and Noa Raviv working with technology from Stratasys, have been using and displaying 3d printing in their collections. Choices of teie lines and other works with 3d printing are on display at the 2016 Metropolitan Art Museum, Anna Wintour Costume Center, the exhibition "Manus X Machina".
Arts and jewelry industry
3D printing is used to produce prints to make jewelry, and even jewelry itself. 3D printing is becoming popular in the customizable gift industry, with products like personalized art and doll models, in various forms: in metal or plastic, or as an art of consumption, like a 3D-brown mold.
Automotive industry
In early 2014, Swedish supercar manufacturer Koenigsegg announced One: 1, a supercar that uses many components that are 3D printing. In the limited number of vehicles manufactured by Koenigsegg, One: 1 has internal mirror sides, air ducts, titanium disposal components, and complete 3D printed turbocharger assemblies as part of the manufacturing process.
Urbee is the world's first car-installed car using 3D printing technology (bodywork and car windows "printed"). Created in 2010 through a partnership between the US engineering group Cor Ecologic and the Stratasys (Stratasys 3D printer manufacturer), it is a futuristic hybrid vehicle.
In 2014, Local Motors debuted Strati, a fully functional 3D Printed vehicle using ABS plastics and carbon fiber, except powertrain. By 2015, the company produces another iteration known as the 80 percent Swim LM3D printed in 3D. By 2016, the company has used 3D printing in the manufacture of automotive parts, such as those used in Olli, self-driving vehicles developed by the company.
In May 2015 Airbus announced that the new Airbus A350 XWB includes more than 1000 components manufactured by 3D printing.
3D printing is also used by air forces to print spare parts for aircraft. In 2015, the Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jets fly with mold parts. The United States Air Force has begun working with 3D printers, and the Israeli Air Force also purchased 3D printers to print spare parts.
Construction
The use of 3D printing to produce scale models in architecture and construction continues to increase in popularity as the cost of 3D printers has been reduced. This has enabled a faster turnaround of such scale models and allows a steady increase in the production speed and complexity of the resulting object.
3D printing construction, 3D printing applications to create construction components or entire buildings have been developed since the mid-1990s, new technology development continues to increase since 2012 and the 3D printing sub-sector is beginning to mature. View the main article.
Firearms
In 2012, the US-based group Defense Distributed revealed plans to "[design] a plastic rifle that anyone can download and reproduce with a 3D printer." Defense Distributed has also designed a smaller AR-15 type 3D printable gun (able to last more than 650 revolutions) and 30-round M16 magazine. AR-15 has many receivers (both top and bottom receivers), but legally controlled parts are serialized (lower, in the case of AR-15). As soon as the Distributed Defense succeeded in designing the first working blueprint to produce plastic rifles with 3D printers in May 2013, the US Department of State demanded that they remove instructions from their website. After Defense Distributed released their plan, questions arose about the impact that 3D printing and widespread CNC consumer machining may have the effectiveness of weapon control.
In 2014, a man from Japan became the first person in the world who was jailed for making 3D prints of firearms. Yoshitomo Imura posted a video and blueprint online and was sentenced to two years in jail. Police found at least two guns in his household that were capable of firing bullets.
Computers and robots
3D printing can also be used to make laptops and computers and other cases. For example, Novena and VIA OpenBook are standard laptop cases. That is. Novena motherboards can be purchased and used in VIA OpenBook case prints.
Open-source robots are built using 3D printers. Dual robots provide access to their technology (open SDKs). On the other hand, 3 & amp; DBot is a 3D Arduino printer robots with wheels and ODOI is a 3D molded humanoid robot.
Sensor and soft actuator
3D printing has found its place in the manufacture of soft sensors and actuators that are inspired by the 4D printing concept. Most conventional soft sensors and actuators are manufactured using a multistep low yield process that involves manual fabrication, post-processing/assembly, and long iterations with little flexibility in the customization and reproducibility of the final product. 3D printing has become a game changer in this field by introducing special geometry, functional, and control properties to avoid the tedious and time-consuming aspects of the previous fabrication process.
Space
The Zero-G Printer, the first 3D printer designed to operate in zero gravity, was built under a joint partnership between NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Made In Space, Inc. In September 2014, SpaceX delivered a zero-gravity 3D printer to the International Space Station (ISS). On December 19, 2014, NASA emailed CAD drawings for key sockets to astronauts over the ISS, which then printed the device using its 3D printer. Applications for space offer the ability to print parts or tools in place, as opposed to using rockets to carry pre-manufactured items for space missions to human colonies on the moon, Mars, or elsewhere. The second 3D printer in space, the European Space Agency's 3D On-Board 3D (Black-On-Board) Printer is planned to be delivered to the International Space Station by June 2015. In 2016, Digital Trends reports that BeeHex is building a 3D food printer to manned missions to Mars.
Most of the planned construction on an asteroid or planet will be booted somehow using the materials available on those objects. 3D printing is often one of the steps in this bootstrapping. The Sinterhab project is researching the base of the moon built with 3D printing using moon regolith as the base material. Instead of adding a binder to regolith, the researchers experimented with microwave sintering to create solid blocks from raw materials.
Such projects have been investigated for the development of habitats outside the Earth.
Social culture app
In 2005, the fast-growing hobby and home use market was established with the inauguration of the open-source project RepRap and Fab @ Home. Almost all of the home 3D printers released to date have their technical roots in the ongoing RepRap Project and associated open source software initiatives. In distributed manufacturing, one study has found that 3D printing can be a mass market product that allows consumers to save money associated with purchasing common household items. For example, instead of going to a store to buy a factory-made item with an injection mold (like a measuring cup or a funnel), someone might instead print it at home from a downloaded 3D model.
Art and jewelry
In 2005, academic journals began reporting on the possibility of artistic applications of 3D printing technology, used by artists such as Martin John Callanan at The Bartlett School of Architecture. In 2007 the mass media followed by articles in Wall Street Journal and Time Magazine, made a list of printed designs among the 100 most influential designs of the year. During the 2011 London Design Festival, the installation, curated by Murray Moss and focusing on 3D Printing, was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V & A). The installation is called Industrial Revolution 2.0: How the Material World Will Be New Materialized .
At 3DPrintshow in London, which takes place in November 2013 and 2014, the art section has been created with plastic and 3D metal prints. Some artists such as Joshua Harker, Davide Prete, Sophie Kahn, Helena Lukasova, Setaki's Foteini show how 3D printing can transform aesthetic and artistic processes. In 2015, engineers and designers at the MIT Mediated Matter Group and Glass Lab created a glass-printed 3D additive, called G3DP . The result can be structural as well as artistic. The transparent glass ships printed on it are part of several museum collections.
The use of 3D scanning technology enables real-world replication without the use of printing techniques which in many cases can be more expensive, more difficult, or too invasive to do, especially for valuable artwork or subtle cultural heritage artifacts where direct contact with Printed materials can harm the surface original objects.
selfies 3D
A 3D photo booth such as Fantasitron located in Madurodam, a miniature park, produces a 3D selfie model of a 2D customer image. This selfie is often printed by specialized 3D printing companies such as Shapeways. These models are also known as 3D portraits, 3D statues or my mini-statues.
Communications
Using the additive layer technology offered by 3D printing, Terahertz devices that act as waveguides, couplers and twists have been created. The complex shape of this device can not be achieved by using conventional fabrication techniques. The commercially available professional class printer EDEN 260V is used to create structures with a minimum feature size of 100 Ã,Âμm. The mold structure then sputtered DC coated with gold (or other metals) to create the Terahertz Plasma Device. In 2016 artist/scientist Janine Carr Created the first 3d vocal printing vocals (beatbox) as a waveform, with the ability to play sound waves with a laser, along with four emotional vocalizations can also be played by the laser.
Domestic use
Some early consumer examples of 3d printing including 64DD were released in 1999 in Japan. In 2012, domestic 3D printing is mainly practiced by fans and enthusiasts. However, little is used for practical household applications, for example, ornamental objects. Some practical examples include working hours and gears printed for home woodworking machines among other destinations. Websites related to home 3D printing tend to include backscratchers, coat hooks, doorknobs, etc.
The open source project Fab @ Home has developed printers for general use. They have been used in research environments to produce chemical compounds with 3D printing technology, including new ones, initially without direct application as proof of principle. The printer can print with anything that can be removed from the syringe as a liquid or paste. The developers of chemical applications envisage industrial and domestic use for this technology, including allowing users in remote locations to be able to manufacture their own drugs or household chemicals.
3D printing is currently running into households, and more and more children are being introduced to the concept of 3D printing at a younger age. The prospect of 3D printing is growing, and as more and more people have access to this new innovation, new uses in the household will appear.
OpenReflex SLR film cameras are developed for 3D printing as open source student projects.
Education and research
3D printing, and open source 3D printers in particular, is the latest technology that goes into the classroom. 3D printing allows students to create prototype items without using the expensive tooling required in subtractive methods. Students design and produce actual models they can hold. The classroom environment allows students to learn and use new applications for 3D printing. RepRaps, for example, has been used for mobile educational robotics platforms.
Some authors claim that 3D printers offer an unprecedented "revolution" in STEM education. The evidence for such claims stems from low cost capabilities for rapid prototypes in the classroom by students, but also the manufacture of high-quality, low-cost scientific equipment from open-source hardware designs that form open-source laboratories. Engineering and design principles are explored as well as architectural planning. Students make copies of museum items such as fossils and historical artifacts to learn in the classroom without destroying sensitive collections. Other students interested in designing graphics can create models with complicated working parts easily. 3D printing gives students a new perspective with topographic maps. Science students can study the internal organs of the human body and other biological specimens. And chemistry students can explore 3D models of molecules and relationships in chemical compounds.
According to a recent paper by Kostakis et al., 3D printing and design can inspire children's creative literacy and capacity in accordance with the spirit of a connected and information-based world.
Future applications for 3D printing may include making open source scientific equipment.
Use of environment
In Bahrain, large scale 3D printing using sandstone-like materials has been used to create unique coral structures, which push coral polyps to colonize and regenerate damaged reefs. This structure has a much more natural form than any other structure used to make artificial reefs, and, unlike concrete, not acidic or alkaline with neutral pH.
Cultural heritage
In recent years, 3D printing has been used intensively in the field of cultural heritage for conservation, restoration and dissemination purposes. Many Europeans and North American Museums have purchased 3D printers and are actively recreating missing pieces of relics.
Scan World is the largest archive of 3D print objects that have cultural significance from around the world. Each object, derived from 3D scanning data provided by their community, is optimized for 3D printing and is free to download on MyMiniFactory. Through collaboration with museums, such as The Victoria and Albert Museum and private collectors, this initiative serves as a platform for democratizing art objects.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Museum have started using their 3D printers to create museum souvenirs available in museum shops. Other museums, such as the National Military History Museum and the History Museum of Varna, have gone further and sell through their Threeding digital artifacts online platform, created using Artec 3D scanners, in a 3D print friendly file format, which anyone can print 3D on home.
Special materials
Consumer-level 3D printing has produced new materials that have been developed specifically for 3D printers. For example, filament material has been developed to mimic wood in its appearance and texture. Furthermore, new technologies, such as embedding carbon fiber into printable plastics, enable stronger and lighter materials. In addition to the new structural materials that have been developed due to 3D printing, the new technology has enabled the pattern applied directly to the 3D print section. Portland-free oxide cement powder has been used to make architectural structures up to 9 feet in height.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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