The 1935 Hurricane Labor Day is the strongest storm to make landfall in the United States at record and the most intense Atlantic hurricane to Hurricane Gilbert. The second tropical cyclone, the second storm, and the second major storm of the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season, the Labor Day Storm was the first of three Category 5 hurricanes that attacked the United States at that intensity during the 20th century (the other two were Hurricane Andrew Camille and 1992's Hurricane ). Having formed as a weak tropical storm east of the Bahamas on August 29, it slowly moves to the west and becomes a storm on September 1st.
At Long Key, it's about a quiet mid-range. Water quickly subsided after carving a new channel connecting the bay with the oceans; However, high winds and high seas lasted until Tuesday, preventing rescue efforts. The storm continues north-west along the west coast of Florida, weaken before the second landing near Cedar Key, Florida, on September 4.
The intense and intense storms cause extreme damage in the upper Florida Keys, as a storm surge of about 18 to 20 feet (5.5-6 meters) sweeps the lowland islands. Strong storm winds and waves destroyed almost all the structures between Tavernier and Marathon. The city of Islamorada was wiped out. Parts of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway are heavily damaged or destroyed. The storm also caused additional damage in northwest Florida, Georgia, and Carolina.
Video 1935 Labor Day hurricane
Meteorological history
"The first indication of favorable conditions for the origin of the disorder was recorded over the last 2 or 3 days of August, east and north of the Turks Islands, but it was not until August 31 that depression must have appeared near Long Island in southeastern Bahamas, and deepened with fast as it moves westward... The storm of intensity is undoubtedly achieved by the disturbance that developed near the southern tip of Andros Island on September 1. "" A vast repetition took him to the Florida Keys on September 2. At that time a small diameter but tremendous power... There is a forty-minute calm under Matecumbe Key and about fifty-five minutes at the Long Key fishing camp, 9:20 to 10:15 pm The storm advance rate is about ten miles per hour and the center is quiet should be nine to ten miles in diameter. After leaving the Keys, the storm circles the Florida Gulf Coast in a wide recurve, passing through the interior at Cedar Keys and finally menin left the continent near Cape Henry. "Heavy rains spread across the face and zoomed to the left of the track across the Mid-Atlantic countries, 16.7 inches (420 mm) total rainfall in Easton, Maryland, and 13.4 inches (340 mm) in Atlantic City, New Jersey, is the highest seen with the storm.
The storm continued to the "North Atlantic Ocean, where, south of southern Greenland, it disappeared on September 10 by joining the extreme tropical hurricanes."
The first recorded example of a plane flown for a specific purpose found the storm to occur on the afternoon of September 2nd. The Weather Bureau advisor at 1:30 pm puts the center of a storm north of 23 Â ° 20 ', longitude 80 Â ° 15' west longitude, moving slowly westward. It's about 27 miles north of Isabela de Sagua, Villa Clara, Cuba, and 145 miles east of Havana. Captain Leonard Povey of the Cuban Air Force Corps volunteered to investigate threats to the capital. Fly a Curtis Hawk II, Captain Povey, an American expatrior who was the head of the CEAC training, observed a storm north of his reported position but, flying an open-cockpit biplane, chose not to fly into it. He then proposed an air storm patrol. No more ideas until June 1943 when Colonel Joe Duckworth and Lt. Ralph O'Hair flew to a typhoon near Galveston, Texas.
Recordings
The Labor Day storm is the most violent storm ever in the United States (and every terrestrial area in the Western Hemisphere), has the lowest ever sea level recorded in the United States - a central pressure of 892 mbar (26.35 inHg) - shows the intensity between 162 kn and 164 kn (186.4 mph - 188.7 mph). The effects of compensation from the slow translational speed (7 kn, 8.1 mph) along with the very small maximum wind radius (5 nmi, 9.3 miles) caused the intensity to be analyzed in 160 kt (184.1 mph, Category 5 ). ). This is the highest intensity for the US landing storm at HURDAT2, as the 1969 Camille Storm was recently re-analyzed to have the second highest landing intensity at 150 kn (172.6 mph).
The lowest recording pressure is secured from three aneroid barometers, ranging from 26.75 to 26.98 inches. However, none of these barometers has previously been compared with the standard. One barometer, owned by Ivar Olson, was sent to the Weather Bureau in Washington where he was tested in the Instruments Division. Careful laboratory tests show it to be a very responsive and reliable instrument and that the correct reading in the needle position indicated by Mr. Olson at the center of the storm is 26.35 inches. This is the world's lowest pressure record on ground stations.
Maps 1935 Labor Day hurricane
Preparation
The northern storm warning is ordered to be displayed from Fort Pierce to Fort Myers on Sept. 1, 9:30 am, weather advisor. Upon receiving this advisor, the US Coast Guard, Miami, FL, sent a plane along the coast to advise sailors and camp the impending dangers by dropping the message block. The second flight was made Sunday afternoon. All aircraft are placed in the hangar and the door closes at 10:00 Monday morning. The 3:30 AM adviser, Sept. 2 (Labor Day), foresees interruption "will probably pass through the Florida Channel Monday" and warns "against tidal waves and strong winds of Florida Keys and ships on the road." The 1:30 pm warning ordered a storm warning for the Key West district that runs north to Key Largo. Around 14:00, Fred Ghent, Assistant Administrator, Florida Emergency Assistance Administration, requested a special train to evacuate a veteran camp located in the top lock. It departs from Miami at 16:25; delayed by the opening of the draw bridge, the obstacles on the tracks, poor visibility and the need to re-locomotive under the Homestead (so get out on the way home) the train finally arrived at Islamorada station at Upper Matecumbe Key around 8:20 pm. This coincided with a sudden wind shift from the northeast (Florida Bay) to the southeast (Atlantic Ocean) and arrival on the coast of storm surges.
Impact
Three ships collided with a storm. "The Leise Maersk Danish Movement was brought to the Alligator Reef and landed almost 4 miles outside, after being completely paralyzed by wind and ocean, with flood engine room." It's just offshore from Upper Matecumbe Key. No one died and the ship was rescued on 20 September. "The American tanker Pueblo was drifting helpless in a storm from 2 am to 10 pm on September 2, he got out of control near the 24Ã, Â ° 40? N 80Ã, Â ° 25? W , and brought fully circling the center of the storm, found itself in 8 hours about 25 miles northeast of its original position, and barely able to scratch the Molasses Reef. "However, the flagship ships are the American steamer Dixie of New Orleans , with a crew of 121 and 229 passengers. It ran aground on French Reef, near Key Largo, with no loss of life. It was again floating on September 19 and was drawn to New York.
At Upper Matecumbe Key, near Islamorada, eleven evacuation trains have suffered strong typhoons caused by waves. Eleven cars were swept off the tracks, leaving only the locomotive and padded upright and still on the tracks. Amazingly, everyone is on the train. Locomotives and tenders both return to Miami a few months later.
The storm left a road of near destruction in the Upper Keys, centering on what is today the village of Islamorada. The eye of a storm passing several miles to the southwest creates a serene about 40 minutes of lower duration of Matecumbe and 55 minutes (9: 20-10: 15) over Long Key. At Camp # 3 in Lower Matecumbe, the waves arrive near the end of tranquility with the wind behind. Almost every building was demolished, and some bridges and embankments were swept away. The lanes - trains, roads, and ferries - that chained the islands were damaged. The main transportation route connecting Keys to mainland Florida is a single railway line, the Overseas Railroad Florida section of the East Coast Railway in Florida. The area of ​​Islamorada was destroyed, although the destructive path of the storm was narrower than most tropical cyclones. His eyes were eight miles (13 km) across and the most widespread wind was extended 15 miles (24 km) from the center, less than in 1992, Hurricane Andrew, which is also a relatively small category 5 catastrophic storm. Craig Key, Long Key, and Upper Matecumbe and Lower Matecumbe Keys suffered the worst. The storm caused wind and flood damage throughout Florida to extend and into Georgia, and significant damage to the Tampa Bay Area. After the third day of the storm the body swelled and split in subtropical heat, according to rescue officials. Public health officials ordered plain wooden crates holding dead to be stacked and burned at several locations. The National Weather Service estimates 408 deaths from storms. The corpses are found as far as the Flamingo and Cape Sable on the southwestern tip of mainland Florida.
The Coast Guard of the United States and other federal and state agencies arranged for evacuation and relief efforts. Ships and planes bring injured victims to Miami. Trains are never rebuilt, but temporary bridges and ferry landing are under construction as soon as material arrives. On March 29, 1938, the final gap on Overseas Road connecting Key West to the mainland was completed. The new highway combines roads and bridges that survive the railroad tracks.
Aftermath
Response
Veterans.27_work_camps vesteran camp
Three veterans' camps were in the Florida Keys before the cyclone: ​​# 1 on Windley Key, # 3 and # 5 on Lower Matecumbe Key. Payroll camp for August 30 enrolled 695 veterans. They were hired on a project to complete the Overseas Highway connecting the mainland with Key West. Camps, including 7 in Florida and 4 in South Carolina, were founded by Harry L. Hopkins, director of the Federal Emergency Assistance Administration (FERA). In the fall of 1934, the problem of transient veterans in Washington DC "threatened... became acute and became acute in January." The facilities in the capital are inadequate to handle a large number of veterans who are looking for work. President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Mr. Hopkins and Robert Fechner, director of the Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) to discuss solutions. He "suggested the Southern camp plan and approved the program Mr. Hopkins made for their establishment and maintenance." VA identifies eligible veterans. FERA offers grants to states for their construction projects if they are willing to accept veterans as laborers. The State Emergency Relief Administration is responsible for the day-to-day management of the camp. In practice, state ERAs are FERA creatures, to the extent that the administrators vote. That only two participating countries might be caused by the popular impression that transient veterans are "sick" and homeless. It is a characterization that is enthusiastically fed by the media. In August 1935, both Time Magazine and the New York Times published sensational articles. On August 15, 1935, Hopkins announced the suspension of veterans' work programs and the closure of all camps.
On 26 and 27 August 1935, one veteran, Albert C. Keith, wrote a letter to the President and Eleanor Roosevelt urged that the camps not be closed. Keith is editor of the weekly newspaper newspaper, Veteran News. He insists that the veterans have been slandered and that their work program is actually a success story, rehabilitating many veterans to return to civilian life. The News publishes occasional reports from Camp # 2, Mullet Key, St. Petersburg, Florida, at the entrance to Tampa Bay. This is a "colored" veteran camp; The Lock camps are just white. In early August the colored veterans were transferred to the new Camp # 8 in Gainesville, Florida.
Rescue
Improved weather conditions on Wednesday, September 4 allow evacuation of survivors to start. Participate in the rescue is
- American Red Cross,
- Florida National Guard,
- Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA),
- Progress Administration (WPA) work,
- Civil Conservation Corps (CCC),
- United States Coast Guard,
- American Legion,
- Foreign War Veterans,
- Dade County Undertaker Association,
- Dade County Medical Society,
- city and county officials,
- and many individuals (including Ernest Hemingway). The operations headquarters are beaches near Snake Creek at Plantation Key. With a bridge over a washed tributary, this is the farthest point to the south on the highway. On 5 September at a meeting all public and private entities involving Governor David Sholtz placed sheriffs from Monroe and Dade Counties in total control.
On the night of September 4, 1935, Brigadier General Frank T. Hines, VA Administrator, received a phone call from Hyde Park, New York. It was Stephen Awal, the president's press secretary. He gets orders from the President who is very sad with news from Florida. VA is to: 1. Work closely with FERA in seeing that everything that might be done for those injured in the cyclone; 2. Notice that the bodies are properly treated to be sent home to relatives, and that bodies sent home are not requested to be sent to the Arlington National Cemetery; and, 3. Conduct a cautious joint investigation with Mr. Hopkins, to determine if any errors will befall anyone in the Administration. The Hines Representative in Florida will be fully responsible for this situation and all other organizations and bodies are instructed to cooperate.
President's first order was straight forward and immediately executed. 124 injured veterans were treated in a Miami area hospital; 9 of them are dead. 56 then transferred to a VA medical facility. Uninvolved veterans were transferred to Camp Foster in Jacksonville and evaluated for transfer to CCC; those who refused transfers or were deemed unpaid and given a ticket home. All FERA's temporary camps closed in November 1935. In December 1935, FERA itself was absorbed in the new WPA, which was also directed by Hopkins.
Recovery
The second and third orders, however, are almost immediately compromised. At a press conference on September 5, Hopkins insisted that no negligence could be traced to FERA in a failed evacuation in the camps because the Weather Bureau adviser had given insufficient warnings. He also sent his assistant, Aubrey Willis Williams, to Florida to coordinate FERA's efforts and investigate the deaths. Assistant Williams and Hines, Colonel George E. Ijams, both arrived in Miami on 6 September. Ijam concentrates on the dead, their collection, identification and proper disposition. This proved very difficult. Bodies scattered throughout the Keys and its rapid decay created terrible conditions. State and local health officials demand the banning of all bodies and burial movements immediately or their cremation in place; The next day, Governor Sholtz ordered that. This was grudgingly approved by Hines with the understanding that those who were buried would then be disinterred and sent home or to Arlington when permitted by the State health authorities.
Cremation begins on Saturday, September 7; 38 bodies were burned together at the gathering area next to Snake Creek. Over the following week 136 bodies were cremated in Upper Matecumbe Key in 12 different locations. At Lower Matecumbe Key 82 burned at 20 sites. On many small keys in Florida Bay bodies burned or buried where found. This effort continues until November. 123 bodies have been transported to Miami before the embargo. It is processed in a temporary morgue managed by a fingerprint and 8 volunteers under a tent at Woodlawn Park Cemetery (3260 SW 8th St, Miami). The goal is to identify the remains and prepare them for burial or further deliveries. With the applicable embargo, the immediate burial of all corpses in Woodlawn is mandatory. FERA bought a plot in Section 2A. VA coordinated the ceremony with a full military award on 8 September. 109 bodies are buried in FERA plots: 81 veterans, 9 civilians and 19 unidentified corpses.
Some notes claim 259 veterans are victims of Hurricane:
- 47 civilians and 34 veterans were cremated
- 61 civilians and 128 veterans {unknown} were cremated
Total: 108 civilians and 162 veterans {cremated}
The rest:
- 42 civilians and 81 veterans known/buried
- 6 civilians and 9 veterans sent to relatives
- 7 civilians and 7 unknown/buried veterans
Total: 55 civilians and 97 veterans are buried Total: 163 civilians and 259 veterans = 422
Although the Congressional Record provided a report on 485 victims of storms (257 veterans and 259 civilians) The record also split 694 World War I veterans by their name and status as:
Last:
- 443 number {437 live 6 live, tentative identification}
Died:
- 251 is described as:
- 2 listed as dead - disposition remains unlisted
- 6 is buried in Hometown
- 26 cremated
- 44 is temporarily identified as dead
- 84 buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, Miami
- 89 missing - believed to be dead
The Florida Emergency Relief Administration reports that on 19 November 1935, the death toll was 423: 259 veterans and 164 civilians. These figures are reflected in the Veteran Hurricane Relief Map (which view). On March 1, 1936, 62 additional bodies had been restored to a total of 485: 257 veterans and 228 civilians. Non-compliance in the deaths of veterans is due to difficulties in identifying bodies, especially those found several months after the storm, and a problem of definition; whether to count only those on the camp salary list or to enter someone else, not registered, who happens to be a veteran Veterans Affairs Administration (VA) prepares its own veterans death list:
121 Identification of the Off-Positive,
90 Missing, and 45 Dead-identification tentative, totaling 256.
The other five are named in the footnotes. One proves to be a misidentification of a registered veteran; two are state employees working in the camp; and two unaffiliated veterans were caught in a storm. This gives the total to all veterans of 260. Adding this to the Florida Emergency Assistance Administration number for civilians gives a total of 488 for all deaths. 12 of the dead were listed as "colored".
Ernest Hemingway visits a veteran camp by boat after a storm at his home in Key West; he wrote about the destruction in a critical article entitled "Who Kills The Veterinarians?" for The New Masses magazine. Hemingway implies that FERA workers and families, unaccustomed to the risk of Florida hurricane season, unwittingly fall victim to a system that seems to be less concerned about their well-being. From Ernest Hemingway's statement about the tragedy:
... rich people, yachts, fishermen like President Hoover and President Roosevelt, do not come to the Florida Keys in the storm months.... There is a known danger to the property. But the veterans, especially the bonus-lined veterans, are not property. They are only human; people who do not succeed, and all they have to lose is their lives. They do coolie work to get the highest wage of $ 45 per month and they have been placed in Florida Keys where they can not make trouble. This is the month of the storm, of course, but if anything comes up, you can always evacuate them, right?... There is no need to go to the deaths of civilians and their families because they are in their Keys own free will; they make a living there, own property and know the dangers involved. But the veterans have been sent there; they have no chance to go, or protection against hurricanes; and they never had a chance to live their life. Who sent nearly a thousand war veterans, many of them hoarse, hard-working and just out of luck, but many of them close to the border of pathological cases, living in the Florida Keys frame shacks in hurricane season?
In the same edition The New Masses appeared an editorial that weighed on criminal and cartoon negligence by Russell T. Limbach, the title, An of God , depicting the corpses burned. A September 5th edition of the Washington Post editorial, titled Destruction at Veterans Camp , expressed the widely held view that "the camps are rest areas designed to keep Marchers from Washington... Most of This veteran is a drifter, a psychopathic case or a habitual disorder... Those who are physically or mentally disabled do not have any claim for special rewards in exchange for bonus agitation. "
Investigation
Meanwhile, Williams rushed to complete the investigation. He finished on Sunday, September 8, a day of elaborate memorial services and the mass funeral of storm victims (both coordinated by Ijam) held in Miami. Ijams was too busy to participate in the investigation and did not question any of the 12 witnesses interrogated by Williams, but signed a 15 page report to the President. That night Williams released it to the Miami press in a radio broadcast soon after the memorial service. Ijam thought the timing was unfavorable after receiving some important phone messages. The report frees all those involved and concludes: "To our minds, disaster must be characterized as an act of God and substantially beyond the control of man or his instrument to be foretold long enough to allow adequate prevention of precautions to prevent death and sadness which happened. "Early also found publicity around the" unfortunate "report. In a telegram to his colleague, assistant secretary of the Presidency Marvin H. McIntyre, Early wrote that he had authorized Hines to continue a "complete and complete" joint investigation with Hopkins. Hines significantly is to "instruct his investigator that under no circumstances will there be no statements made for the Press until the final report has been submitted to the President." Hopkins gave a similar instruction to his investigator. McIntyre is also involved in damage control. On September 10, 1935, the larger Miami Association of Ministers wrote an angry letter to the President labeling the report "chalk". McIntyre sent her to FERA for answers. Williams returned the draft to the signing of the President on Sept. 25 confirming the report was only preliminary and that "a final and detailed report... will be both thorough and search".
Williams commissioned John Abt, assistant general counsel for FERA, to complete the investigation. On September 11, 1935, Hines directed a skeptical and skeptical David W. Kennamer to investigate the disaster. There is direct friction between them; Kennamer believes Abt has no open mind and Abt feels no further investigation is needed. Working with Harry W. Farmer, another VA investigator, Kennamer completed 2 volumes of his report on October 30, 1935. Farmers added a third volume on the identification of veterans. The Kennamer report includes 2,168 pages of exhibits, 118 pages of findings, and 19 pages of general comments. His findings differ substantially from the Williams people, citing three Florida Emergency Assistance Administration officials as negligent (Administrator Conrad Van Hyning, Assistant Administrator Fred Ghent and Superintendent Camp Ray Sheldon). In response to the draft Abt report to the President, Ijams sided with Kennamer. Hines and Hopkins never approved the final report, and Kennam's findings were suppressed. They have remained so for decades.
One might speculate that Hines wanted to avoid public squabbling with Hopkins, who has enjoyed Roosevelt's support since his tenure as Governor of New York. Hines is a relic of the Hoover government. Such internal strife would embarrass the Roosevelt government at the time of the vote on the Adjusted Compensation Payment Act ("Bonus Bill") coming (adopted on 27 January 1936, over the President's veto). Also, 1936 is the year of presidential election. Kennamer did appear at the House hearing in April 1936, along with Hines, Ijams, Williams and three officials whom he respected in his report. He was not asked about his controversial findings, nor did he volunteer to express his opinion.
On November 1, 1935, the American Legion completed its own report on the cyclone. The Legion National Commander, Ray Murphy, sent a copy to President Roosevelt. It concludes that:
... errors of loss of life can be placed on "Inefficiency, Indifference, and Ignorance." Inefficiency in setting up camps. Indifference to someone responsible for the safety of men. Ignorance of the real danger of tropical storms. And this "I" can be added together and they spell "Murder in Matacombe" [sic].
[The] committee at the beginning of its investigation noticed the tendency of some to reflect on the character of the veterans in the camps. Some call them "homeless," "drunks," "insane people," "riffs" and the like. They seem to think that "they get what will happen to them."
How one can come to such a conclusion is impossible for us to determine.
If these people are "homeless," "drunks," "crazy people," etc., then it is even more important that every precaution is taken to protect them. If they fall into this category, they are men below normal and should be treated as such. If they can not afford to take care of themselves then the government should put them in the hospital and not send them into the wilderness on the high seas on so-called "rehabilitation programs." Others testify that these people are well behaved and that most of them prefer to be placed under military discipline in the camps. But these observations have no real value except to show that some people try to "cover up" the real faults of the responsible party.
Williams prepared a response for the President stating: "A final report, based on the facts obtained in this investigation [by VA and FERA], will be submitted to me immediately, at that time I will send you a copy of the report for your information and your consideration. "
Islamorada
Standing just east of the US 1 at mile marker 82 in Islamorada, near where the Islamorada post office stands, is a simple monument designed by the Florida Division of the Federal Art Project and built using a Keystone Lock ("keystone") by the Works Progress Administration. It was inaugurated on 14 November 1937, with several hundred people present. Hines was invited to speak but he refused. His attitude toward the project was not enthusiastic. In a letter to Williams on June 24, 1937, on what to do with many of the veteran skeletons he recently discovered in Keys, he wrote: "It has occurred to me that if a large monument is installed adjacent to this highway in the place of the Disaster will be observed by all those who use the highway and will serve as a continuous reminder of the unfortunate misfortune that happened.Hines recommends remnants buried in Woodlawn.A decoration depicts palm trees in the waves, bended leaves by the wind.the front of the statue, a ceramic tile mural painted over a crypt stone, which holds the ashes of the victim from the temporary burning place, mixes with the skeleton.
Although this is a grave site, no name appears on this monument. This is not a requirement for the estimated 228 civilians killed, 55 of which are buried where found or in various graves. Warning with identity information is a legal right for veterans. 170 cremated or never identified. VA has chosen not to memorialize them, although Federal law and President Roosevelt currently order Hines to provide full military honor burials for every veteran his family does not claim.
On February 18, 1939, President Roosevelt had the opportunity to see the warning for himself. His motorcade passes through Islamorada on the way to Key West where he will begin his visit with a fleet of battles in maneuvers. But there is no record that he stopped; not mentioned in the newspaper reports, the President's daily calendar, or in a press conference held during lunch at the CCC camp at West Summerland Key (name of Scout Key in 2010). This omission is puzzling because he has sent a telegram to a dedication in which he expressed his "heartfelt sympathy" and said "the disastrous disasters that many of our people bring personal grief to me because a few years ago I knew many of the key residents." The welcoming committee included Key West Mayor Willard M. Albury, and other local officials.
The Memorial was added to the US National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1995. A Heritage Trail Trail monument is mounted on the rock before the monument reads:
The Florida Keys Memorial, known locally as the "Hurricane Monument," was built in honor of hundreds of American veterans and locals killed in the Great Hurricane on Labor Day, September 2, 1935. Islamorada backed the wind from 200 miles per hour and 26 barometer readings , 35 inches for hours on that decisive holiday; most of the local buildings and the East Coast Railway of Florida are destroyed by what remains the most ferociously recorded storm. Hundreds of World War I veterans who camped in the Matecumbe area while working on the construction of US One Highway for Development Administration (WPA) were killed. In 1937, the remains of a cremation of about 300 people were placed in a tiled basement in front of the monument. The monument consists of authentic keystone, and its striking decoration depicts a coconut tree bent over the force of a storm wind while water from the angry lap of the sea at the bottom of the trunk. Construction of monuments is funded by WPA associations and regional veterans. Over the years, Hurricane Hurricanes have been treated by local veterans, storm victims, and descendants of the victims.
Locals hold ceremonies at monuments each year on Labor Day (on a Monday holiday) and on Anniversaries to honor veterans and civilians killed in the storm.
Woodlawn Park Cemetery
On January 31, 1936, Harvey W. Seeds Post no. 29, American Legion, Miami, Florida, applying for a FERA deed to the Woodlawn plot. The Legion will use empty graveyard sites for the veterans burial poor and accept responsibility for taking care of the plot. After some initial confusion for the actual owner, the State of Florida approved the transfer of the title. A monument is placed on the plot, it says: Founded by Harvey W. Seeds Post No. 29, American Legion, in Memory of Our Comrades Who Lost Their Lives in Florida Keys during the 1935 Hurricane, Do not Forget We Forget .
Like the Islamorada memorial, no name appears. Also no individual grave sites are marked. Once again, VA chose not to obey the President's orders, this time to bury back unclaimed bodies in Arlington. Two bodies, however, were dug by the family: Brady C. Lewis on November 12, 1936; and, Thomas K. Moore on January 20, 1937 (buried in Arlington). Five more received large markers at Woodlawn, leaving 74 unidentified tombs from identified veterans. Efforts are underway to mark all these graves.
Another veteran who was killed in a storm was at Arlington, Daniel C. Main. The case is a special case, the only veterans who died in camps that were not cremated in the Keys or buried at Woodlawn. The main was the medical director of the camp and was killed in the collapse of a small hospital in Camp # 1. His body was quickly found by survivors and sent to his family before the embargo.
Veteran Key
On February 27, 2006, the US Council on Geography Name approved a proposal by Jerry Wilkinson, President, Preservation of Historical Upper Society, for the name of the small island at the lower south end of Matecumbe Key for veterans killed in the cyclone. Near where Camp # 3 is located. Veteran Lock and some concrete poles are all that remains of the 1935 bridgehead project.
Action of the Veterans Affairs Department
Marjory Stoneman Douglas wrote the short story "September-Remember" immediately after the storm. It appeared in the Saturday Evening Post; 12/7/1935, Vol. 208, Issue 23, p 12. It was anthologized in 1990:
- Douglas, Marjory (1990). Nine Stories of Florida by Marjory Stoneman Douglas, Ed. Kevin M. McCarthy . University of North Florida Press. ISBN: 0813009944.
- This storm also features novel Craig Newton, Toros & amp; Torsos (2008, Bleak House Books), incorporates Ernest Hemingway.
Audio recording
- Audio recording of a song titled "Storm of the Century"
- The lyrics of the song titled "Storm of the Century"
Video Games
- 2014 A point and click adventure A Golden Wake featured the main character Alfie Banks who traveled to the Florida Keys during the 1935 Labor Day Storm to rescue George E. Merrick during the game's climax.
References
External links
- Atlantic Ocean and Meteorological Laboratory
- Excerpt from the 1935 Labor Day Weekly Experience Report, Article
- Historic Florida Hurricanes (Archives of Florida) Picture
- Keys Historeum, Preservation of the History of Upper Peoples Society
- Florida Keys Memorial
- Florida Hurricane History
- Overall FERA Storm Damage Report
- 1935 Census of Civilian Victims/survivors of the 1935 Hurricane
- Veteran Victim/survivor of the 1935 hurricane
- Major Daniel C. Utama was killed in Hurricane
- List of Monroe County's List of National Historic Sites
- Florida Keys Memorial at Florida Office of Culture and History Program
- 1935 Newspaper reports
- Link comparison 1935 Hurricane and Hurricane Katrina
- Find A Grave 1935 victims of Hurricane 1935 Labor Day commemoration in Islamorada
- Find the 1935 Storm Victims Buried at Woodlawn Park North Cemetery and Mausoleum
- Florida Terrible Storm Letters, Labor Day 1935 Biot Report # 631: July 05, 2009
- Typhoon Florida, Hearing Before the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation, House of Representatives, Congress of the Seventy Four, Second Session, About HR 9486, A Claim for Avoiding Influential Widows, Children and Parents from World War Veterans Dying Due to Florida Storm on Windley Island and Matecumbe Keys on September 2, 1935; US Government Printing Office, Washington, 1936. HathiTrust Digital Library
- "Who Kills The Veterinarians First Report on Florida Storm" by Ernest Hemingway. New Mass, September 17, 1935
- The key to remembering a killer storm 80 years later 2016
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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