Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

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The flexor digitorum profundus is the muscle in the human forearm that flexes the fingers (also known as the digits). It is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because it acts in the hands while the abdominal muscles are located in the forearm.

Together with flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus form the ventral forearm muscle layer. Muscles are named from Latin, which means 'deep finger dent'.

Video Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Structure

Flexor digitorum profundus originates above 3/4 of the anterior and medial surface of the ulna membrane, the interosseal and the inner fascia of the forearm. The outgoing muscle fan becomes four tendons (one for each second to fifth finger) to the base of the distal phalanx palmar.

Alongside the flexor digitorum superficialis, it has a long tendon that radiates to the arm and through the carpal tunnel and attaches to the palmar side of the phalanx of the radius.

Flexor digitorum profundus lies deep within the superficial, but is attached further. Therefore, the tendon of the profundus passes through the superficial tendon, and eventually attaches to the distal phalanx. For this reason profundus is also called perforating muscle .

Lumbricals from the hand appear from the radial side of the tendon.

Supply of nerves

Flexor digitorum profundus is a composite muscle innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve and the ulnar nerve.

• medial aspect muscle (which flexs the 4th and 5th digits) is supplied by the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
• the lateral aspect (which flexs the second and third digits) is conserved by the median nerve, especially the anterior interoseus branch (C8, T1).

This is one of two flexor muscles that is not exclusively supplied by the median nerve (the other is the flexor carpi ulnaris).

Variations

The tendons of the index finger often have separate abdominal muscles.

Maps Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Function

Flexor digitorum profundus is the flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Lumbricals, the intrinsic muscles of the hands, attach to the flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Thus, flexor muscles are used to help the lumbris muscles in their role as extensors of the interphalangeal joints. Since the lumbris muscle originates from the palmar side of the hand and attaches to the dorsal aponeurosis, the power is transferred from the flexor digitorum profundus muscle to fully extend the finger as well as flex the metacarpophalangeal joint.

The tension generated by flexor digitorum profundus in the more distal joint is determined by the position of the wrist. Flexibility of the wrist causes muscle shortening at the time, reducing the tension that can be produced further. Fingers can not be flexed completely if the wrist is completely bent.

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Other animals

In many primates, FDP integrates with flexor pollicis longus (FPL). In great apes, FDP stomach has a separate tendon for FDP. In lower apes, both muscles have a separate stomach in the forearm, but in Old World monkeys they separate in the carpal tunnel. The lack of differentiation in the FDP muscles of baboons makes it unlikely that these monkeys can control individual fingers independently.

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Additional images

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Note

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References

• Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN: 3-13-533305-1.
• Tocheri, MW; Orr, CM; Jacofsky, MC; Marzke, MW. (April 2008). "The evolutionary history of hominin hands since the last ancestors of Pan and Homo". J. Anat . 212 (4): 544-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMCÃ, 2409097 . PMIDÃ, 18380869. (Abstract, PubMed) (PDF, Smithsonian)

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External links

• Illustration: upper body/flexor-digitorum-profundus from the Department of Radiology at the University of Washington

Source of the article : Wikipedia