Merchandise Mart (or Merch Mart , or Mart ) is a commercial building located in downtown Loop, Chicago, Illinois, United States. When it opened in 1930, it was the largest building in the world, with a floor area of ​​4,000,000 square feet (372,000 m 2 ). The art deco landmark is located at the intersection of the Chicago River branch. The building is a leading retail and wholesale destination, accommodating 20,000 visitors and tenants per day in the late 2000s.
Built by Marshall Field & amp; Co and later owned for more than half a century by the Kennedy family, Mart concentrated on Chicago's wholesale goods business by consolidating architectural and interior design and trading vendors under one roof. Since then it has been home to several other companies, including Toko di Mart, the Chicago campus of the Illinois Institute of Art, the Motorola Mobility, and the Chicago technology startup center 1871.
Mart Merchandise is so large that it has its own ZIP code (60654) through 2008, when the Postal Service assigns it to parts of the surrounding area. In 2010, this building opened the Design Center for public for the first time.
Video Merchandise Mart
History
Construction and context
In 1926, the expansion of Wacker Drive two levels to the west increased development on the banks of the southern river. In 1927, Marshall Field & amp; Co. announced plans to build a northern bank across Wacker Drive. The site, bordered by Orleans Street, Wells Street, Kinzie Street and the Chicago River, was once a native American trading post and the site of the former Street Street Station of Chicago and the North Western Railway, abandoned in 1911 supporting the Chicago and Northwest Passenger Terminals. With the air rights of the railway, the site was large enough to accommodate the "world's largest building". Removing the cart page supports the Chicago Plan Commission's desire to develop and beautify the riverside.
James Simpson, president of Marshall Field & amp; Co 1923-1930 and chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission of 1926-1935, changing the first shovel of dirt at groundbreaking on August 16, 1928, along with architect Ernest Graham. General Contractor John W. Griffiths & amp; Children bring building construction into the machine age through the use of techniques "commonly used in the construction of large dams." The cement arrives with a boat lifted by compressed air into a 75 foot (20 m) trash can above the ground, with gravel and sand sent by train cars to the conveyor belts and transfer lifts. The giant mixer provides wet concrete to pass through a hoist in an extended vertical tower as the building rises. Continuing to employ 2,500 people and as many as 5,700 people, the construction project lasted one and a half years until the early months of the Great Depression. With a foundation foundation of nearly two square city blocks, the building requires 29 million bricks, 40 miles (64 km) from the pipe, 380 miles (610 km) from the cable, nearly 4,000,000 cubic meters (3,100,000 m 3 ) of concrete, 200,000 cubic feet (5,700 m 3 ) of stone, and 4,000 windows. Bethlehem Steel makes up a lot of 60,000 tons of steel. It is estimated that 10 miles (10 km) of corridors and more than 30 lifts are included in the construction. The total construction cost is estimated at $ 26 million.
Ownership
The Merchandise Mart opened on May 5, 1930, just east of Chicago's original trading post, Wolf Point.
This building embodies Marshall Field's dream of a single wholesale center for the whole nation and consolidation of 13 different warehouses. It was purchased in 1945 or 1946, depending on the source, by the Kennedy family through Merchandise Mart Properties, Inc., and administered by Sargent Shriver. The purchase price was $ 13 million, roughly half of the cost required to build the complex twenty years earlier. Building income was the main source of Kennedy's family wealth, including a source of political campaign funding.
The Kennedy family sold many of the complex center properties to the Vornado Realty Trust in 1998 as part of a $ 625 million ($ 938.4 million current) deal, that year, MMPI was acquired by Vornado for $ 450 million in cash and $ 100 million- plus shares in Vornado. In early 2007, the building was worth $ 917 million.
Expansion and renovation
The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s. The Indian chiefs were moved and replaced with concrete slabs in 1961, a minimal record for spectators because skyscrapers did not rise on the north side of the river as predicted. Some carvings are later found in backyard suburbs and auctioned in 2014. In 1962, an entrance canopy was built in the south for vehicle use.
In 1977, Skidmore, Owings & amp; Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the west side of Orleans Street, which increased the total floor area of ​​Merchandise Mart to 6,200,000 square feet (580,000 m 2 ). Make use of the plaza, the open field and the scenery used by the seaside location for pedestrian pleasures. In 1988, Helmut Jahn designed a closed pedestrian bridge over Orleans Street that connected Mart and the Clothes Center.
After 10 years, the modernization of $ 100 million in the late 1980s which included an increase in public utilities, Beyer Blinder Belle's commission in 1989 was to create additional perimeter entrance and restore display windows, main entrances and lobby. On the south facade, the drive-through canopy has been removed and two smaller doors next to the main entrance are added. The window display, painted during previous modernization campaigns, was restored with clear glass to showcase merchandise merchandise. The main entrance and new corners are added to the rear facade, and the loading dock that occupies the north of the first floor of the river level has been removed to use the lower deck of North Bank Drive. Improvements in the lobby include restoration of the original glass curtain wall above the entrance, store front and reception desk using terrazzo floor and wall sconces influenced by the original design. The project was completed in 1991.
In November 2007, the building received LEED for Existing Buildings, Silver Records.
Maps Merchandise Mart
Build
The Merchandise Mart was designed by Chicago Graham architecture company, Anderson, Probst and White to be "city within the city". Second after Holabird & amp; Roots in Chicago's art deco architecture, the company has a long-term relationship with the Field family. Beginning in 1928, completed in 1931, and built in the same art deco style as the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the cost is reported as $ 32 million and $ 38 million. This building is the largest in the world in terms of floor space, but surpassed by the Pentagon in 1943, and now stands forty-four on the list of the largest buildings in the world. After the largest commercial space in the world, New Century Global Center in China is now recognized by Guinness World Records as the record holder.
Architecture
Designer Alfred Shaw integrates art deco stylings with the influence of three types of buildings - warehouses, department stores and skyscrapers. The warehouse block stands as an 18 storey building. The dock tape determines the window, and the edges of the building are tilted, minimal setbacks, and the corner pavilion obscures the edges of the mass and visually reduces the mass. The southern corner pavilion has a higher height than the pavilion in the northern corner. The building is open on a pedestrian level with bronze-framed windows, typical of department stores, to the south, west, and east borders. The 25-story central tower rises with a peak in the form of a skyscraper, and is located in the southern half of the building. A very hidden portal takes place between raised panels, and is decorated with a medal showing the initials marked with Merchandise Mart. The same logo happens all over the building. Fifty-six American Indian leaders round the crown of the tower, a reference to historical sites and early Chicago trading activities. Three and a half feet wide seven feet tall, terra cotta figures barely visible from the street, meant to be seen from the upper floors of skyscrapers planned for a ride along the river bank.
The Merchandise Mart lobby is determined by eight square marble columns, with a storefront in a side aisle framed in embossed bronze emblems. The green and orange terrazzo floors are envisioned as carpets: the pattern of boxes and lines bordered by chevrons letters lined with The Mart initials. The chevron theme continued in the sconce column illuminating the decorated cornices overhead. Called as "business boulevards", two 650 ft wide (200 m) long corridors with terrazzo floors on the top floor featuring six and a half miles of window screens. The building rules set identical entrances along the corridor, but the tenant can personalize each floor space. Except for the corridors, the elevator hall, and the exhibit hall on the fourth floor, 5 acres (20,000 m 2 ) of each of the upper floors is "empty space" with concrete floors.
Artwork
A feast of 17 mural works by Jules Guerin is a key feature of the lobby and graphically depicts worldwide trade, including the home country for goods sold in buildings. Mural describes industries and products, major modes of transportation and architecture from 14 countries. Drawing on the year as the designer sets the stage, Guerin executes a red mural with gold leaf using a technique of producing different image layers on successive planes. In a panel representing Italy, Venetian glasses appear in the foreground with fishing boats moored on the Grand Canal and the Palazzo Ducale facade rises above the Piazza San Marco tower.
"To perpetuate a remarkable American merchant", Joseph Kennedy in 1953 commissioned eight bronze statues, four times the size of life, which came to be known as the Merchandise Mart Hall of Fame:
- retail king Frank Winfield Woolworth, Marshall Field, and Aaron Montgomery Ward
- Julius Rosenwald and Robert Elkington of Wood of Sears, Roebuck and Company fame
- advertisers John Wanamaker, merchandiser Edward Albert Filene, and founder of grocery store chain A & amp; P George Huntington Hartford.
All of the statues rest on white pillars lining the Chicago River and face north toward the gold front door of the building.
​​Around
Dominating the horizon at the southern end of the Near North Side, Mart is located just south of the gallery district on the southern tip of Franklin Street. Restaurants and nightclubs abound on Hubbard Street one block north. Kinzie Chophouse, popular among politicians and celebrities, stands in the northwest corner of Wells and Kinzie, opposite Merchandise Mart. The Chicago Varnish Company Building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now home to Harry Caray's restaurant, is located east of Kinzie Street. Across the road to the east is 325 N. Wells Street, home to the Chicago Professional Psychology School and DIRTT Environmental Solutions.
The Mart is not rectangular because it was built after a bascule bridge over the Chicago River. The control house for the dual-way Highway Bridge is between the lower level and the southeast corner of the building. Franklin Street Bridge stands in the southwest corner of the building, at the junction of Orleans Street and Franklin Street. The building is tilted at the same angle as Franklin Street, from southeast to northwest along Orleans Street.
Exterior lighting
Inheritance lighting structure finds the center and corner towers, along with the columns between each window on the setback, bathed the night in a white light that focuses upward. Tradition dictates the annual green change in mid-March for St. Patrick and orange during the fall around Halloween and Thanksgiving. Important events have found the giant burning in pink for Cancer Awareness Month. To record the Chicago Bears 2006 season, highlighted by reaching the Super Bowl XLI, the building was illuminated with team colors, orange spotlights for setbacks and blue spotlights for towers. Red and green lights are used during the Christmas season. During Art Chicago 2008, American artist Jenny Holzer illuminated the building facade with a poem by Nobel Prize winners in the Wis Literature? Awa Szymborska. By 2018, large projection screens will start displaying images and videos across the river's side of the structure.
Night lighting at Mart usually matches the antenna lighting colors in Sears Tower and John Hancock Center, as well as the colors used on the upstairs Aon Center.
Green building practices
Under the leadership of Chris Kennedy of Mart, it is the largest building in the world to be awarded the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Certification in 2007 from the United States Green Building Council (USGBC). The Mart has long implemented sustainable practices. The Mart Center began operating the thermal storage facility in 1986, able to build 2,000,000 pounds (910,000 kg) of ice per night, cool 71 buildings in the surrounding neighborhood, and save $ 200,000 in electricity costs in the first year.
In 1990, Mart Center began using Green Seal approved green cleaning products and the following year implemented a recycling program, which currently covers all forms of paper products, glass, light bulbs, batteries, aluminum, and construction materials. In 1996, Mart Center became one of the first large property owners in downtown Chicago to enter into an agreement with the district cooling system now known as Thermal Chicago, thus contributing to a national effort to reduce the disposal of ozone-depleting CFCs.
In 2006, MMPI joined Clean Air Counts, a voluntary initiative to reduce pollution and smoke haze energy consumption in the Chicago area. Part of the campaign strategy includes using only low VOC cleaning products, paints and building materials, as well as energy-efficient lighting and alternative workplace transportation options. To date, the Center Mart has reduced pollution by 264,018 pounds (119,757 kg), the largest reduction by a commercial building.
That same year, Mart Center's recycling program saved more than 13,000 trees and recycled nearly 11 million pounds of waste, while water conservation efforts saved 5.5 million gallons (21,000 m 3 ) of water. More than eight percent of the approximately 10,000 people working on Mart Street, cycling or taking public transportation; to encourage more greener transportation methods, Mart expanded its bike storage capacity to over 200. In 2009, MMPI converted all stationeries to one hundred percent of post-consumer recycled products.
The Mart has nine showrooms LEED-certified, with five others on their way to LEED certification.
Usage
Trading
The wholesale showroom occupies 50% of the usable floor space, and Sultan Brunei once spent $ 1.6 million on Mart to equip all his castles, claiming that the location is the only place where the task can be completed within a week. Choose a showroom open only for wholesalers, with others accessible to the general public. Unlike traditional shelf stores and display shelves, all the usable rooms are built, giving consumers the opportunity to compare the forms and functions between applications and manufacturers. Some stores offer items for single purchase or collection, while others offer design, preservation, renovation or installation services. In addition to being a resource for architects and decorators, Mart has also featured award-winning designs chosen by the American Institute of Architects. Catering to suppliers, on-site companies specialize in providing professional services for market research projects.
In 1931, Marshall Field and Company lost five million dollars, followed by eight million in 1932. The wholesale division was greatly reduced and Field reduced the space on the Mart from four floors to one and a half. The Mart continues to show the latest trends in home furnishings in showrooms and trade shows. The company recovered at the end of the decade, but did not return to all previously occupied space.
In 1942, L. L. Skaggs formed a partnership with three others and named the partnership with the Owners Service Company, therefore Osco. Headquarters moved from Waterloo, Iowa, to Merchandise Mart.
The retail shopping area, called The Shops at the Mart, opened in 1991 and includes clothing stores, beauty services, bookstores and newsstands, financial services, telecommunications services, travel services, specialty food and wine stores, photo services, dry cleaner, cleaning shoe stand, and food court. The US Post Office is located on the first floor and the FedEx location is on the second floor.
The Apparel Center has 521 rooms at the Holiday Inn Chicago Mart Plaza River North, the Chicago Sun-Times office and the Chicago campus at the Illinois Institute of Art - Chicago, and Chicago. office of Ogilvy & amp; Mather's advertising agency. GoHealth occupies 93,000 square feet (8,600m 2 ) on the 5th floor of Merchandise Mart, the corporate office of Potbelly Sandwich Works located in the tower. Motorola Mobility moved its headquarters to Merchandise Mart in 2014.
Trade show
Since 1969, Merchandise Mart has been home to the annual National Exposition of Contract Furnishings, known as NeoCon . With over 1,000 exhibitors and commercial furniture, and 50,000 participants, this is the largest trade show of its kind in North America.
Since 2006, Merchandise Mart has hosted the Art Chicago international art exhibition.
Media massa
Radio
Before the location opened, NBC announced plans to build a studio in Mart. When it opened on October 20, 1930, the nineteenth floor location covered 65,000 square feet (6,000 m 2 ) and supported a variety of live broadcasts including those requiring the orchestra. WENR and WMAQ broadcast from location. Expanded in 1935, with office space in previously unoccupied towers, an additional 11,500 square feet (1,070 m 2 ) provides space for organ space, two echo chambers, and a total of 11 studios. A staff of more than 300 generates up to 1,700 programs each month, including Amos 'n' Andy .
Hugh Downs contributed to the Burr Tillstrom children's show Kukla, Fran and Ollie from NBC's studio after the network picked up the program from WBKB. Captain Midnight's radio program broadcasted from Mart from 1942 to 1945.
WMAQ and WMAQ-TV moved to NBC Tower in 1990 (though the radio station had been sold to Westinghouse Broadcasting two years earlier). (Today, the former NBC room is used by Tribeca Flashpoint Media Arts Academy as a place to learn for the production of Broadcast Movies). The former WMAQ radio station, WKQX, lives in Merchandise Mart; renamed WIQI, until May 2012 still occupies space on the west side of the second floor, along with a shared WLUP. By 2014 WKQX has returned to the previous location of Merchandise Mart, but the station is expected to move to a new facility at NBC Tower in the summer of 2016.
Television
On January 7, 1949, NBC's WNBQ station commercially debuted its broadcast television schedule on channel 5, with a minimum of two hours of programming per day. April 15, 1956, remembered as "C-Day" at WMAQ-TV, and described by Broadcasting-Telecasting magazine as "courage through the black-and-white curtain." With Mayor Richard J. Daley searching, NBC President David Sarnoff operates control as Channel 5 being the first all-color TV station in the world as "Wide, Wide World" broadcast to 110 NBC-TV affiliate stations across the country. The color conversion project costs more than $ 1,250,000 with advertising for $ 175,000. On "C-Day", three skywriting planes fly over the city, following the stream of red, green and blue smoke.
The first WMAQ-TV installed color device in late 1953, with the 1954 Rose Bowl parade as the first major broadcast. Introduced in March 1955, the first local color program was John Ott "How Does Your Garden Grow?", Which featured the use of color films over time.
Although WMAQ-TV has moved to the NBC Tower about a mile away, and for most of the 19-Mart floor has been converted into office space, one of the former tenants (Bankers Life and Trust Company) retains the rest of the original studio as their video and multimedia department. The former WMAQ space is currently being redeveloped by the Flashpoint Academy as a complete modern stage sound facility as well as a screening room, backlot, and classroom on floors 19 and 20.
Local sports network Comcast SportsNet Chicago has their control room, and broadcast their live studio programs from the Expansion of the Clothes Center; the studio has been home to FSN Chicago RSNs and SportsChannel Chicago before.
Chicago 'L' Station
Built under four months and opened on December 5, 1930, the elevated Merchandise Mart train station serves the Main Line of the North Side Division. The station is now known as one of two commercial locations to have its own station on the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) 'L' system. This station is now served by the Chocolate and Purple Channels. An accessible station ADA, a revolving door is located inside a building on the second floor, while the platform is connected to the east side of the building. The platform to the north is accessed by a top bridge or lift. It was rebuilt in 1988, prior to the reconstruction of Wells Street Bridge in 1989.
Merchandise Mart was housed at the CTA headquarters on the 7th floor from 1947 to 2004.
Cultural engagement
- Due to the expanding postwar economy and families, owners began offering tours in 1948. Architecture and design interest groups continued to offer scheduled tours.
- The Mart hosts the annual Chicago Art event.
- The Chicago Marathon route has passed through the structure, usually on Wells Street.
In popular culture
- The 1948 movie Call Northside 777 , created in Illinois and Mart viewed from the newspaper office on Wacker Drive.
- The lobby appears in The Hudsucker Proxy movie as the interior of Hudsucker Company headquarters.
- In 1956, an eight minute short film The Merchandise Mart used the name Mart and included in detail the interior and operation of the building.
- David Letterman once called the Merchandise Mart Hall of Fame "Pez Hall of Fame" because the combination of a statue on a high vertical pole resembles a candy dispenser.
- In the 1993 film The Fugitive , US Marshal pointed out Dr. Richard Kimble when they heard a CTA railway conductor announced, "Next stop, Merchandise Mart" in the background of a recorded phone call.
- Used as Candor's headquarters in Rebel's novel (novel) 2012.
See also
- Art Deco
- Chicago Architecture
- List of the largest buildings in the world
- Interior Design
- New York Mart Merchandise
- Fulton House, Chicago
References
Note
Further reading
- Chappell, Sally A. Kitt, Graham Architecture and Planning, Anderson, Probst and White, 1912-1936: Transformation of Tradition , Chicago Press University, Chicago, IL 1992
- Roth, Veronica, Rebels , HarperCollins, New York, NY 2012
External links
- Official website
- archive on Chicago Tribune
- Video Merchandise Mart Properties Tenant Profiles
- Merchandise Mart Buyer's Guide
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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