During the 20th century, there were various allegations of soap cases made from human body fat. During World War I it was claimed in the British press that Germany had a corpse factory where they used their own army bodies to make glycerin and soap. After Russia accepts that the stories are not true. During World War II it was believed that soaps were mass produced from the bodies of victims of Nazi concentration camps located in the Polish occupied Germany. During the Nuremberg test evidence it was presented that German researchers have developed a process for the production of soap from the human body. Warning Yad Vashem has stated that the Nazis did not produce soap from Jewish corpses on an industrial scale, saying that rumors that soap from human corpses were mass-produced and distributed were deliberately used by the Nazis to frighten camp prisoners. It is now known that Nazi Germany has produced soap from human corpses, but not on an industrial scale.
Video Soap made from human corpses
Histori
1786
In 1780, the Holy Innocents' former Cemetery in Paris was closed because it was too often used. In 1786, corpses were dug and bones were moved to the Catacombs. Many bodies have not been decomposed and have shrunk to fat deposits. During digging, these fats are collected and then converted into candles and soap.
World War I
The claim that Germans used fat from the human body to make products, including soaps, was made during World War I. This seems to have originated from rumors among British and Belgian soldiers. The first recorded reference was in 1915 when Cynthia Asquith recorded in her diary (June 16, 1915): "We discuss rumors that Germans use their bodies even by converting them into glycerine with soap products." This became a major international story when The Times London reported in April 1917 that Germany had offered the bodies of their soldiers who died for fat to make soaps and other products.
After the war John Charteris, the former head of military intelligence, was reported to have claimed in a 1925 speech that he had found the story. He then insisted that his statement had been misreported. The controversy led British Foreign Secretary Sir Austen Chamberlain to formally declare that the government accepted that the "corpse" story was not true. The belief that Britain had deliberately discovered the story was later used by the Nazis.
World War II
Rumors that the Nazis produced soap from the body of concentration camp prisoners who were widely circulated during the war. Germany suffered from a lack of fat during World War II, and soap production was put under the control of the government. The "human soap" rumor may be derived from the soap bars marked by the initials RIF, interpreted by some as Reichs-Juden-Fett ("Jewish State of Fat"); in German Blackletter the difference between I and J is only the length. RIF actually stands for German Reichsstelle fÃÆ'¼r industrielle Fettversorgung ("National Center for the Provision of Industrial Fat", the responsible German government agency for the production and distribution of wartime soap and laundry products). RIF soap is a poor quality replacement product that does not contain any fat, human or otherwise. Rumors about the origins and significance of soap "RIF" were extended to the concentration camp itself. Naphtali Karchmer, in his book Alone in Extraordinary Flotilla: Five Years As Prisoner-War in Eastern Prussia , describes his years in captivity as a Jewish-Polish POW. The author writes of a gray, rectangular, low-quality soap piece that he and other POWs received with the letter "RIF" written at the center of the depression. When one of the POWs complained about the low and delicate foam, the hostess replied that it was made of "German " Rein Juden Fett "(Pure Jewish Fat), when asked" from human fat? ", He replied" No, only Jews ". This version of the story is included in the Complete Black Book of Russian Jews , one of the earliest collections of the first hand notes on the Holocaust, compiled by Soviet writers Ilya Ehrenburg and Vasily Grossman. The specific story is part of a report entitled "Extermination of the Jews of Lvov" linked to I. Herts and Naftali Nakht:
In another part of the Belzec camp is a very large soap factory. The Germans chose the heaviest Jews, killed them, and boiled them for soap. Artur [Izrailevich] Rozenshtraukh - a bank clerk from Lvov, who in our words recounts this testimony - holds this "Jewish soap" in his own hands.
Gestapo thugs never deny the existence of such a "production process". Whenever they want to intimidate a Jew, they will say to him, "We will make soap from you."
Raul Hilberg reported such stories circulating in Lublin as early as October 1942. The Germans themselves were aware of these stories, as the head of the Heinrich Himmler-SS has received a letter describing Polish belief that Jews are being "boiled to soap" and that indicates that the Poles are afraid they will suffer the same fate. Indeed, rumors circulated so widely that some segments of Polish residents actually boycotted the purchase of soap.
Joachim Neander , in a German paper presented at the 28th Conference of the German Studies Association, quotes the following comment by Himmler from letter of 20 November 1942 to German language heads Gestapo , Heinrich MÃÆ'¼ller . Himmler has written to MÃÆ'¼ller because of an exposure by Dr. Rabi. Stephen Wise, who mentions the soap rumor and has printed on The New York Times :
You have assured me that in every dead body of the dead Jews it is burned or buried, and that on the site nothing else can happen with the corpses.
MÃÆ'¼ller will ask if "abuse" has taken place somewhere and reported this to Himmler "about the oath of SS"; Himmler therefore did not from the outset exclude the possibility that it had happened. Neander went on to state that the letter was an indirect proof that it was the Nazi policy to abstain from processing corpses because of their known desire to keep their massacres as secret as possible.
Danzig Anatomical Institute
During the Nuremberg Trial, Sigmund Mazur, a laboratory assistant at the Danzig Anatomical Institute (modern Gda? Sk ), testified the soap made from body fat in the camp, and claim that 70 to 80 kg (155-175 pounds) of fat collected from 40 bodies can produce more than 25 kg (55 pounds) of soap, and that the finished soap is held by Professor Rudolf Spanner. Eyewitnesses include the British POW which was part of the forced labor that built the camps, and Stanis's Polish word "Stanis" and Dr. Stanis? Aw Byczkowski , head of the Toxicology Department at Gda? sk School of Medicine. Holocaust survivor Thomas Blatt, who investigated the subject, found little concrete documentation and no evidence of mass production of soap from human fat, but concluded that there was evidence of experimental soap making.
Testimony was given both by the Nazis and by British prisoners of war on the development of industrial processes to produce soap from the human body, the production of soap on a small scale, and the actual use of this soap by Nazi personnel at the Danzig Anatomic Institute.
Prosecutor: Experiments from the Anatomical Institute in the production of soap from human corpses and tannery for industrial purposes are carried out on a large scale. I submitted the document... to the court, which consisted of the testimony of Sigmund Mazur, one of the direct participants of soap production from human fat, his assistant helper-laboratory at the Anatomy Institute of Danzig....
The question: Please tell us how the soap is produced from human fat in the Anatomy Institute of Danzig?
The answer: In the summer of 1943 in the grounds of the Anatomy Institute, a two-storey stone building consisting of three chambers was built. The building is designed for the purpose of exploiting corpses and cooking bones, as Professor Spanner has stated. The laboratory was defined as an institution to knock down skeletons, burn flesh and bones excessively, but in the winter of 1943-1944 he year of prof Spanner instructed us to collect human fats that would not be thrown away again. This command was given to Reichert and Borkmann.
Prof Spanner gave me a recipe for the production of soap from human fat in February 1944. According to this recipe, 5 kg (11 pounds) of human fat should be mixed with 10 liters (2.2 gal; 2.6 gal US) water and 500 to 1000 grams of caustic soda. This mixture is cooked for two to three hours, then allowed to cool. Then the soap rises to the surface, while the water and the dwelling are under it. For this mixture a little salt and soda are added and cooked again for two to three hours. After cooling the soap is poured into the mold.
In his book Russia in the War of 1941 to 1945 , Alexander Werth reported that when visiting the Gda? Sk Danzig in 1945 shortly after his conquest by the Red Army, he saw an experimental factory outside the city to make soap from a human corpse. According to Werth it has been run by "a German professor named Spanner" and "is a terrible sight, with its trunks full of human heads and pickled torso in some liquids, and the bucket is full of flakey substances - human soap".
Jasenovac concentration camp
In the Independent State of Croatia, the World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany and Italy founded in the part of Yugoslavia controlled by Poros, in Jasenovac concentration camp, a small factory to convert human remains into soap was also established by members of the Ustasha movement.. Part of the "soap factory" still exists and can be seen in the "Donja Gradina" warning zone.
Postwar
The notion that "human soap" was produced on an industrial scale by the Nazis was first published after the war in 1946 by Zofia Na? Kowska in its Seminal Medal (see Rudolf Spanner). It has not been denied for decades in official Polish historiography.
Alain Resnais, who treats the testimony of Holocaust victims as facts, continues the charge in the famous 1955 Holocaust documentary Nuit et brouillard ???? ( sabon , "soap"). In fact, this offensive word is not associated with rumors about Nazi crime and human soap, but has a "soft", "weak" feeling.
Although there is evidence of small-scale, perhaps experimental, soap production at camps at the Stutthof concentration camp near Danzig/Gdansk, the main Holocaust experts considered the idea that the Nazis produced soap on an industrial scale to be part of World War II. folklore. The Israeli historian Gutman has stated that "it was never done on a mass scale". In Hitler's Death Camps: The Sanity of Madness Konnilyn Feig concludes that the Nazis "did use human fats to make soap in Stutthof", albeit in limited numbers. The Holocaust historian Robert Melvin Spector writes that "his analysis seems to be healthy, given the fact that S.S. uses everything he can get from his prisoners", including hair, skin and bones.
In 2006 soap samples filed at the International Court in The Hague were given for analysis for Andrzej Sto's Andrzej Sto? Yhwo , a fat chemist from Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. He concluded that some of the fat in the tested sample came from humans. Previous soap samples have been used as evidence in the post-World War II Nuremberg trials, but at that time technology was not available to determine whether the soap was produced from human fats. The remains of humans used to make soap are believed to have been brought from the Polish text
Today the Holocaust deniers use this controversy to criticize the truth of the Nazi genocide.
Maps Soap made from human corpses
Legacy
In the wake of the second world war, Rabbi David Polish wrote a poem, talking about Jewish soap:
The BBC documentary about the death camps discovered during the end of the war showed similar atrocities including the detached head of the prisoner and the preserved tattoo, which was recorded on the screen at Buchenwald before the Germans from Weimar after the camp's liberation.
Some burial sites in Israel include graves for "soap made from Jewish victims by Nazis". This is probably a RIF soap bar. After a heated discussion in the media about this grave in 2003, Yad Vashem published Professor Yehuda Bauer's research saying that RIF soap is not made from human fat, and that the RIF myth may be propagated by Nazi guards to taunt the Jews. Yad Vashem includes images of emotional burial and burial of "Jewish" soap in Romania.
A small bar of soap was displayed at the Nazareth holocaust memorial museum in Israel, and the same bar of soap was buried in a living museum "basement" in Mount Zion in Jerusalem, Israel, at the beginning of the museum in 1958. A replica was displayed there. After Professor Yehuda Bauer of Yad Vashem publicized his conclusion that soap was not made in industrial quantities from the body of Jews or other Nazi camp prisoners, Tom Segev, a "new historian" and an anti-establishment Israeli writer, wrote in his book The Seven Million the Holocaust-Cellar soap that it is "idolatry in Jerusalem".
See also
- The Soap Myth
- Anthropodermic Bibliopegy (in some cases, tattoos preserved in Nazi concentration camps)
- Collection of Jewish skeletons (Jews killed for their skeletons)
- The German Corpie Factory, one of the famous anti-German anti-German propaganda stories circulating in World War I
- Lamp cover made of human skin
Note
External links
- US. National Archives, Still Image Branch, College Park, MD, document 238-NT-270. It was introduced on IMT on 19 February 1946 as an exhibition of USSR-393
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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