ladder is a set of ladder or vertical ladder or ladder. There are two types: stand-alone rigid stairs or that may lean on vertical surfaces such as walls, and rollable ladders, such as those made of ropes or aluminum, which may be hung from the top. Rigid vertical ladder members are called strings or rails (AS) or stiles (English). Rigid stairs are usually portable, but some types are permanently fixed to structures, buildings, or equipment. They are generally made of metal, wood, or fiberglass, but they have been known to be made of hard plastic.
Video Ladder
Variations
Stiff stairs
Rigid stairs are available in various forms, such as:
- The accommodation ladder is a portable step on the side of the ship for the ride
- Assault ladder, used in siege battles to help climb walls and across moats
- Ladder loft, pulled down from the ceiling to allow access to the attic or attic
- Stair bridge , ladder is horizontally placed to act as a path between two points separated by a drop
- Cat stairs (US chicken ladder), light staircase used on steep roofs to prevent workers from sliding
- Christmas tree stairs, a kind of staircase ride for divers with a central rail and open on the sides to allow divers up the ladder wearing a swimsuit
- Counterbalanced ladder , ladder stays with bottom slider. A counterweight system is used to let the bottom slide down gently when released
- Extension ladder or "telescopic ladder", a fixed ladder that is divided into two or more lengths for more convenient storage; the length can be shifted together to be stored or shifted separately to extend the length of the ladder; the pulley system can be mounted so that the ladder can be easily extended by the operator on the ground then locked in place using dogs and pawls. 65e, ft (20m), 50Ã, ft (15m) and some 35a, ft (10m) extension lines for the fire department using "bangor pole," "polishing tormentor" or "pole" to help "raise, pivot, stabilize, extend, place, pull back, and lower "them because of their heavy weight.
- Fixed ladder, two side members joined several steps; attached to the structure without moving parts
- Folding ladder , ladder in ladder style with one or more steps (usually no more than three) one-way hinges. Ideal for use on uneven ground (ie staircase), as a bridge or when fully extending the stairs Fixed. Some variations feature a central one-way hinge with extended legs
- Ladder or pompier ladder, a stiff ladder with a hook at the top to hold the window; used by firefighters
- The Mobile Safety Step is a self-contained structure that has wheels or casters so it's easy to move. They sometimes have small top platforms and handrails to help move up and down stairs.
- The Orchard Staircase, a three-foot step ladder with a third leg made so that it can be inserted between tree branches for fruit picking
- Platform staircase , staircase with large platform area and top grip for users to hold while working on platform.
- Retractable ladder , a ladder that looks like a drain pipe but can be used instantaneously when needed (eg in an emergency)
- Staircase roof, stiff staircase with large hook at the top to hold a curved roof ridge
- Sectional Ladder , also known as a builder ladder, has a separate and interchangeable section so that parts can be connected
- Step ladder, a stand-alone portable ladder hinged in the center to form an inverted V, while maintaining both sections at a fixed angle. Step steps have flat steps and hinged backs.
- Telescoping ladder , usually used to refer to a hybrid between steps and extension ladders with 360-degree hinges; has three parts and can be separated to form a two-step ladder; the Little Giant
- Trestle Ladder , "A-Frame" style ladder with center of telescoping
- Turntable Ladder, extension ladder mounted to play platform on fire truck
- Vertical uphill ladder, designed to climb the high point and make it easy to suspend there
- X-deck ladder, design of US patented ladder which is a combination ladder and scaffold
Rigid stairs were originally made of wood, but in the 20th century aluminum became more common because of its lighter weight. Stairs with fiberglass stiles are used to work on or near the electric wire above the head, since fiberglass is an electrical insulator. Henry Quackenbush patented the extension ladder in 1867.
Flexible ladder
- Rope ladder or Jacob Ladder is used where the storage space is very limited, the weight must be kept to a minimum, or in cases where the object becomes too curved to climb using stiff stairs. They may have stiff or flexible rungs. Climbing the rope ladder requires more skill than climbing a rigid ladder, as the ladder tends to swing like a pendulum. The Jacob ladder used on ships is used mostly for emergencies or for temporary access to the ship's side. Aluminum wire and stairs are sometimes used in vertical caving, which is developed from a rope ladder with wooden stairs.
Maps Ladder
Security
The most common injury done by climbers is bruised from a fall from a ladder, but fractures are common and head injuries are also possible, depending on the nature of the accident. The ladder can slip backwards because of the wrong base that usually goes to the staircase. If very worn, they can allow aluminum to touch the ground rather than plastic or rubber, and lower the friction with the ground. Staircase stabilizers are available that increase the stair handle on the ground. One of the first ladder staircase stairs or staircases was offered in 1936 and is now standard equipment on most stairs.
A stairwell, or stay, is a device mounted on a ladder to hold it against a wall. This allows the ladder to clear obstacles that protrude, such as the roof roof, and increase the safe working height for the given ladder length.
It is becoming increasingly common to provide anchor points in buildings where extension ladder steps can be attached, especially for activities such as window cleaning, especially if co-workers are not available for "stepping" the ladder. Footing occurs when another worker stands on the lowest rung and thus provides much greater stability to the ladder while it is being used. The anchor point is usually a ring cemented into a crack in a brick wall where the ladder can be mounted using a rope, for example, or carabiner.
If the sloping stairs are placed in the wrong angle, the risk of falling greatly increases. The safest angle for the ladder is 75.5 Â °; if too shallow, the bottom of the stairs are at risk of gliding, and if too steep, the ladder may fall backwards. Both scenarios can cause significant injuries, and are very important in industries such as construction, which require a lot of use of stairs.
Step class
The EU and the UK established a ladder - classroom ladder - certification system for ladders manufactured or sold in Europe. The certification class applies only to portable staircases such as extension ladders and stairs and is broken down into three types of certification. Each ladder certification is color-coded to indicate the weight of the ladder designed to hold, the certification class and its use. The color of the security label specifies the class and usage.
- Class 1 ladders - for heavy industrial use, maximum load 175 kg. Color-coded blue to identify.
- Class EN131 ladder - for commercial use, maximum load is 150 kg. No custom color code..
- Class III Ladder - for light domestic usage, maximum load 125 kg. Color-red code to identify.
In the UK there are a number of British standards included in the three major ladder certifications relative to certain types of stairs. Relevant classifications include BS 1129: 1990 (UK) applicable to Stairs and Wood Stairs; BS 2037: 1994 (United Kingdom) applicable to Staircase and Metal and Aluminum Stairs and BS EN 131: 1993 (Europe) applicable to Stair and Stair of Wood and Aluminum.
Usage
- exhaust ladder is a portable ladder built for the ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) standard. Electrostatic Discharge is a natural occurrence in which electricity is passed through the body, or other conductors, and is discharged into several objects. For example, a surprise sometimes feels when the door handle is touched is ESD. This natural occurrence is a very important topic in the field of electronic assembly because expensive ESD damage can cause sensitive electronic equipment. The dissipative ladder is a ladder with controlled electrical resistance: the resistance slows the transfer of charge from one point to another, offering increased protection during ESD events:> = 10 5 and & lt; 10 12 ?/square.
- Climb up and unite the ladder. The stairs are also used on the sides of the boat, to ride them out of the water, and in the pool. Pool stairs are usually made of plastic stairs with special handles and metal rods on the sides to support the steps and as handrails for the user.
- Assault ladders. It is designed for use by units that may need to board or attack a ship or building. They can be used when a full-sized stairway is not needed or when working in confined spaces. They are suitable for covert operations such as sniper placement and boarding vessels. It was developed and designed for tubular attacks including buses and trains and for first story offenses. The extra wide design provides better stability for the user, but can still be folded for storage. It is available in a standard or non-reflective black aluminum layer with a length of 6 and 8 feet.
Historical usage
The stairs are ancient tools and technology. The staircase is featured in an at least 10,000 year old Mesolitic stone painting depicted in the Spider Cave in Valencia, Spain. The painting depicts two humans using a ladder to reach a honeycomb to harvest honey. The staircase is depicted long and flexible, probably made of a kind of grass.
Picture gallery
See also
- Cosmic distance ladder
- Escalade
- Habala
- Latch holder
- Scala (disambiguation), Latin for "ladder"
- Scala naturae, the big chain becomes
- Stairs
Note
- Quote
References are in use
External links
- Stair Safety including Stair Type (Type I, Type II, Type III)
- OSHA Ladder guidelines include OSHA-approved spasiter requirements, etc.
- CDC - NIOSH Update - The New NIOSH Smart Phone Application Addresses Ladder Safety
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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