Walt Disney Animation Studios , also known as Disney Animation , headquartered at Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, is an American an animation studio that creates animated movies, short films and television specials for The Walt Disney Company. Founded on October 16, 1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios. This studio has produced 56 widescreen movies, from Snow White and Seven Dwarfs (1937) to Moana (2016).
It was founded as Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929. The studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934 In 1983, Walt Disney Productions named Walt Disney Pictures live-action film studio. During the company's restructuring in 1986, Walt Disney Productions changed its name to The Walt Disney Company and the animation division, renamed Walt Disney Feature Animation, becoming a subsidiary of its film division, The Walt Disney Studios. In 2007, Walt Disney Feature Animation took its current name, Walt Disney Animation Studios after Pixar Animation Studios was acquired by Disney in the same year.
For the most part, the studio is recognized as America's premier animation studio; he developed many of the techniques, concepts, and principles that became the standard practice of traditional animation. The studio also pioneered the storyboard art, which is now the standard technique used in animated film making and live action. The animated feature studio catalog is one of Disney's most famous assets, with stars from animated shorts - Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto - being recognizable figures in popular culture and mascots for The Walt Disney Company as a whole.
Walt Disney Animation Studios continues to produce films using traditional animation and computer-generated imagery (CGI). Today, Andrew Millstein is the studio general manager for everyday business affairs, under the direction of Edwin Catmull and John Lasseter who also oversees Pixar.
Video Walt Disney Animation Studios
Histori
1923-29: Studio Disney Brothers Kartun
Kansas City, Missouri, a native of Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney founded the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in Los Angeles in 1923 and started with producing short series of short Alice Comedies show movies actress child action directly in the animation world. The Alice Comedies are distributed by Margaret Winkler Pictures from Margaret J. Winkler, who later also shared the second short Disney subject series, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit animation, through Universal Pictures beginning on 1927. After moving to California, the Disney brothers initially started working in Uncle Robertville's garage at 4406 Kingswell Avenue in Los Feliz, Los Angeles, then in October 1923 officially launched their studio in a small office on the back side. office real estate agency at 4651 Kingswell Avenue. In February 1924, the studio moved into its own office space at 4649 Kingswell Avenue. In 1925, Disney deposited a deposit at a new location at 2719 Hyperion Avenue in the nearby Silver Lake neighborhood, later known as Hyperion Studio to distinguish it from another studio location, and in January 1926 the studio moved there and took the name of Walt Disney Studio .
Meanwhile, after the first year's worth of Oswalds , Walt Disney attempted to renew his contract with Winkler Pictures, but Charles Mintz, who had taken over Margaret Winkler's business after marrying him, wanted to force Disney to accept a lower down payment for every Oswald short. Disney refused, and since Universal had the right to Oswald instead of Disney, Mintz set up his own animation studio to produce the Oswald cartoon. Most of Disney's staff were hired by Mintz to move, after the Disney contract Oswald was done in mid-1928.
Working quietly while the rest of the staff completed the rest of Oswalds on the contract, Disney and head animator Ub Iwerks led a small handful of loyal staff in producing a cartoon starring a new character named Mickey Mouse. The first two Mickey Mouse cartoons, the Crazy Planes and The Galloping Gaucho, were previewed in limited engagement during the summer of 1928. For the third Mickey cartoons, however, Disney produced the soundtrack, in collaboration with musician Carl Stalling and businessman Pat Powers, who provided Disney with his "Cinephone" sound-on-film process. Furthermore, the third Mickey Mouse cartoon Steamboat Willie , became Disney's first ever synchronized sound and was a huge success on its debut in 1928 at the West 57th Theater in New York. City. The Mickey Mouse sound cartoon series, distributed by Powers through Celebrity Productions, quickly became the most popular cartoon series in the United States. The second Disney sound cartoon series, Silly Symphonies, debuted in 1929 with The Skeleton Dance.
1929-40: Reincorporations, Silly Symphonies Snow White and Seven Dwarfs
In 1930, a financial dispute between Disney and Powers caused the Disney studio, rejoining December 16, 1929, as Walt Disney Productions , signing a new distribution deal with Columbia Pictures. Powers in return handed over Ub Iwerks, who started producing cartoons in his own studio.
Columbia distributed Disney shorts for two years before the Disney studio entered a new distribution deal with United Artists in 1932. That same year, Disney signed a two-year exclusive contract with Technicolor to capitalize on its new 3-strip color film process, allowing for color reproduction which is fuller where previous color film processors can not. The result is Silly Symphony Flowers and Trees , the first film to be released commercially in full Technicolor. Flowers and Trees is a great success, and all Silly Symphonies are then produced in Technicolor.
In the early 1930s, Walt Disney had realized that the success of animated films depended on telling emotionally grasping stories that would grab the audience's attention and not let go of it, and this awareness encouraged him to create a separate "story department" with storyboard artists dedicated to the development story. With well-developed characters and fascinating stories, the 1933 Technicolor Silly Symphony Three Little Pigs became a major box office and pop culture success, with the theme song "Who's Afraid from Big Bad Wolf? "Became a popular hit chart.
In 1934, Walt Disney assembled several key staff members and announced plans to make his first feature animated feature film. Despite mocking from most of the movie industry, dubbed the production of "Disney's Folly," Disney continues unabashedly into the production of Snow White and Seven Dwarfs, which will be the first animated feature in English and Technicolor.. Much training and development went into the production of the Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and the studio was well developed with established animators, artists from other fields, and recent college graduates joining the studio to work on the film. The training classes, supervised by head animators like Les Clark, Norm Ferguson, and Art Babbit and taught by Donald W. Graham, an art teacher from the Chouinard Art Institute, began in the studio in 1932 and greatly evolved into orientation and classroom training continuing education. In the process of teaching classes, Graham and the animators created or formalized many of the techniques and processes that became the main principles and principles of traditional animation. Silly Symphonies such as The Goddess of Spring (1934) and The Old Mill (1937) served as the basis of experiments for new techniques such as the animation of human figures realistic, special effects animation, the use of multiplane cameras, the invention that breaks the layers of animated artwork into several fields, allowing the camera to move dimensional through the animated scene.
Snow White and Seven Dwarfs financed Disney for an incredible $ 1.4 million to complete (including $ 100,000 for story development only) and were an unprecedented success when released in February 1938 by RKO Radio Pictures, which had assumed the distribution of Disney products from United Artists in 1937. The film was the grossing film of all time before the success of Gone with the Wind two years later, the top-selling more than $ 8 million in release initially, the equivalent of $ 139,082,740 in 1999 dollars.
During the production of Snow White, work continued on the Mickey Mouse series and Silly Symphonies. Mickey Mouse switched to Technicolor in 1935, when the series has added some main supporting characters, including Mickey's dog Pluto and their friends Donald Duck and Goofy. Donald, Goofy, and Pluto will all appear in their own series in 1940, and Donald Duck's cartoons outperform the Mickey Mouse series in popularity. The Silly Symphonies, which garnered seven Academy Awards, ended in 1939. 1940-48: _New_features, _strike, _World_War_II "> 1940-48: New features, strikes, World War II
The success of Snow White enabled Disney to build a bigger new studio on Buena Vista Street in Burbank, where The Walt Disney Company remains headquartered to this day. Walt Disney Productions had an initial public offering on April 2, 1940, with Walt Disney as president and chairman and Roy Disney as CEO.
The studio was launched into the production of a new animated feature, the first being Pinocchio , released in February 1940. Pinocchio originally was not a box office success. Box office is back from the initial release of his second film under Snow White's unprecedented success and studio expectations. From the $ 2,289 million film cost - twice from Snow White - Disney just earned $ 1 million by the end of 1940, with studio reports from the original box office ending up between $ 1.4 million and $ 1.9 million. However, Pinocchio was a critical success, winning the Academy Award for Best Original Song and Best Original Score, making it the first studio film to win not only the Oscars, but both at the same time.
Fantasia , an experimental film produced for the accompanying orchestral arrangement by Leopold Stokowski, was released in November 1940 by Disney himself in a series of limited seating road shows. The film spends $ 2 million to produce, and although the film earns $ 1.4 million in its roadshow engagement, the high cost ($ 85,000 per theater) of installing Fantasound puts Fantasia at greater losses than Pinocchio RKO assumed the distribution of Fantasia in 1941, then reissued in a highly edited version for years. Despite its financial failures, Fantasia was the subject of two Honorary Academy Awards on February 26, 1942 - one for the development of an innovative Fantasound system used to create stereoscopic soundtracks of films, and others for Stokowski and his contribution to the film.
Most of the animated characters in this production and all subsequent features until the late 1970s were watched by the brain's beliefs of Walt Disney animators nicknamed "The Nine Parents," many of whom also served as directors and producers later on Disney features: Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston , Woolie Reitherman, Les Clark, Ward Kimball, Eric Larson, John Lounsbery, Milt Kahl, and Marc Davis. Other head animators at Disney during this period included Norm Ferguson, Bill Tytla, and Fred Moore. The development of the animation department features creating a caste system in Disney studios: lower animators (and animator features among tasks) are assigned to work on short subjects, while higher animators in status like Nine Old Men work on features. Concern over Walt Disney received credit for the work of artists as well as the debate over compensation led to many newer and lesser animators looking to unite the Disney studios.
The trade union strike began in May 1941, which was resolved without angry Walt Disney's involvement in July and August of that year. When Walt Disney Productions was founded as a union shop, Walt Disney and several studio employees were dispatched by the US government on Good Neighbor's travel policy to Central and South America. Disney strikes and consequently led to the exodus of several animated professionals from the studio, from top animators such as Art Babbitt and Bill Tytla to artists better known for their work outside of Disney studios such as Frank Tashlin, Maurice Noble, Walt Kelly, Bill MelÃÆ'Â ndez, and John Hubley. Hubley, with several other Disney strikers, then founded the studio of United Productions of America, Disney's main animated rival in the 1950s.
Dumbo , in production during the animator strike, aired in October 1941 and proved to be a financial success. Simple movies cost only $ 950,000 to produce, half the cost of the Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, less than one-third the cost of Pinocchio, and two-fifths of the cost of Fantasia . Dumbo finally earned $ 1.6 million during its original release. In August 1942, Bambi was released, and as with Pinocchio and Fantasia , did not perform well at the box office. Of the $ 1.7 million budget, it only grossed $ 1.64 million.
Production of full-length animation features temporarily halted after the release of Bambi . Given the financial failures of some of the recent features and World War II cutting off most overseas cinema markets, studio financiers at Bank of America will only borrow studio working capital if temporarily restrict themselves to shorts production. Then the features in production such as Peter Pan , Alice in Wonderland , and Lady and Tramp were then held until after the war. Other problems affecting the studio at the time included the preparation of several Disney animators to fight in World War II, and the need for studios to focus on producing wartime content for the US Army, in particular military training, and civil propaganda films. From 1942 to 1943, 95 percent of studio animation was for the military. During the war, Disney produced the Victory Through Air Power (1943) live-action/animated propaganda feature (1943), and a series of Latin-themed culture shorts resulting from the 1941 Good Neighbor journey were compiled into two features, Saludos Amigos (1942) and The Three Caballeros (1944).
Saludos and Caballeros set the template for some other Disney movie "package movie" in the 1940s: a low budgeted film consisting of short animated subjects with animated or live-action material bridging. These films are Make Mine Music (1946), Fun and Fancy Free (1947), Melody Time (1948), and The Ichabod Adventure and Mr. Toad (1949). The studio also produced two features, Song of the South <1946> and So Dear to My Heart (1948), which used a broader live-action story that still included sequence and sequence animations combine direct action and animation characters. Production of shorts continued throughout this period, with the Donald Duck , Goofy , and Pluto cartoons being the main output accompanied by a cartoon starring Mickey Mouse, Figaro, and in the 1950s, Chip 'n' Dale and Humphrey the Bear.
In addition, Disney began republishing the previous feature, starting with the re-release of Snow White in 1944, Pinocchio in 1945, and Fantasia in the year 1946 This led to the tradition of re-publishing Disney films every seven years, which lasted into the 1990s before translating into studio handling from the home video release.
1948-59: Feature return, end of pants short, layoffs
In 1948, Disney returned to the production of full features with Cinderella, a full-length film based on a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. At a cost of nearly $ 3 million, the future of the studio depends on the success of the film. After its release in 1950, Cinderella proved to be a box-office success, with the advantage of a movie release that allowed Disney to continue producing animated features throughout the 1950s. Following its success, production of the limbo features Alice in Wonderland , Peter Pan , and Lady and the Tramp continued. In addition, an ambitious new project, an adaptation of the Brothers Grimm Beautiful Beauty fairy tale set to the classic Tchaikovsky score, begins but spends much of the rest of the decade to complete.
Alice in Wonderland , released in 1951, met with lukewarm responses at the box office and was a sharp critical criticism in its initial release. Peter Pan , released in 1953, is, on the other hand, the commercial success and best-selling film of the year. In 1955, Lady and the Tramp was released to box office success higher than other Disney features from studios since Snow White and Seven Dwarfs, generating approximately $ 7.5 million in rentals at the North American box office in 1955. Lady is very important as Disney's first animated feature of the screen, produced in CinemaScope process, and is the first Disney animated feature released by Disney distribution company Buena Distribution Vista.
In the mid-1950s, with Walt Disney's attention primarily on new efforts such as live-action movies, television, and the Disneyland theme parks, the production of animated films was mainly left in the hands of the "Nine Parents" trust from the head animator and director. This led to some delay in approval during the production of Sleeping Beauty, which was finally released in 1959. For $ 6 million, it was Disney's most expensive movie to date, produced in a stylishly designed art style by artist Eyvind Earle and presented in a large format Super Technirama 70 with six-track stereophonic sound. However, large film production costs and poor performance at the box office resulted in the studio posting its first annual loss in a decade for the fiscal year 1960, which led to massive layoffs throughout the studio.
By the end of this decade, Disney's short subject is no longer produced on a regular basis, with many of the shorts division personnel either leaving the company or getting reassigned to work on Disney television programs like The Mickey Mouse. Club and Disneyland . While the Disney shorts had dominated the Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoons) during the 1930s, his award-winning government was terminated by the Tom and Jerry MGM cartoons, Warner Bros. Looney Tunes > and Merrie Melodies, and the works of United Productions of America (UPA), whose artistic style is flat and stylish animation techniques are hailed as a more modern alternative to older Disney styles. During the 1950s, only one short Disney, who styled Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom won the Best Short Subject (Cartoon) Oscar.
The Mickey Mouse , Pluto , and Goofy shorts have ceased regular production in 1953, with Donald Duck and Humphrey went on and converted to the CinemaScope widescreen before the shorts division closed in 1956. After that, all future shorts were produced by the feature film division until 1969. The last of Disney's animated golden days was < i> It's Tough Being Bird. Disney shorts will only be produced sporadically from now on, with shorts including then Runaway Brain (1995, starring Mickey Mouse) and Paperman (2012 ).
1959-66: Reduce animation feature, Walt Disney's last year
Despite dismissal and competition in 1959 for Walt Disney's attention from live-action film, TV, and amusement parks, the production continued on the production of feature animations at a lower level. In 1961, the studio released One Hundred and One Dalmatians , an animated feature that popularized the use of xerography during the ink process and traditional animated cels painting. Using xerography, animated images can be photochemically transferred rather than traced from paper images to acetate sheets ("cels") used in the final animation production. The resulting art style - a scratch line that reveals the construction lines in animator pictures - a Disney movie characterized into the 1980s. The film was a success, becoming the tenth best-selling film of 1961 with a lease of $ 6.4 million.
The Disney animation training program started in the studio before Snow White's development in 1932 eventually led to Walt Disney helping to set up the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts). The university, formed through the merging of the Chouinard Art Institute and the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music, includes an animation course developed by Disney among title offerings. CalArts became the alma mater of many animators who will work at Disney and other animation studios from the 1970s to the present.
The Sword in the Stone was released in 1963 and is the sixth best-selling film of the year in North America with an estimated lease of $ 4.75 million. A featurette adaptation of one of Winnie-the-Pooh's Winnie-the-Pooh, Winnie the Pooh and Honey Tree stories, was released in 1966, to be followed by some other Pooh featurettes over the years and features a full length compilation, Many Winnie the Pooh Adventures , released in 1977.
Walt Disney died in December 1966, ten months before the next studio movie The Jungle Book , finished and released. The film was a success, finishing 1967 as the fourth best-selling film of the year.
After Walt Disney passed, Wolfgang Reitherman continued as a producer and feature director. The studio began in the 1970s with the release of The Aristocats , the last film project approved by Walt Disney. In 1971, Roy O. Disney, the co-founder of the studio, died and Walt Disney Productions was left in the hands of Donn Tatum and Card Walker, who alternated as chairman and CEO in overlapping terms for the rest of the decade. The next feature, Robin Hood (1973), is produced with significantly reduced budgets and animations from previous features. Both The Aristocats and Robin Hood are small box office and critical successes.
The Rescuers , released in 1977, successfully outpaced the achievements of two previous Disney features. Received extensive recognition of critics, commercial results and Academy Award nominations, eventually became the third best-selling film of the year and Disney's most successful and acclaimed animated film ever since The Jungle Book . The film was re-published in 1983, accompanied by Disney's new feature, Mickey's Christmas Carol .
The Rescuers' production marks the beginning of a guardian process change in personnel at the Disney animation studio: when veterans like Milt Kahl and Les Clark retire, they are gradually replaced by new talents such as Don Bluth, Ron Clements, John Musker , and Glen Keane. The new animators, taken from the animation program at CalArts and trained by Eric Larson, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, and Woolie Reitherman got their first chance to prove themselves as a group with animated sequences in the Disney live-action/animated hybrid feature Pete's Dragon (1977), an animation directed by Don Bluth. In September 1979, dissatisfied with what they felt was a stagnation in the development of animated art at Disney, Bluth and several new guard animators stopped to start their own studio, Don Bluth Productions, Disney's main animation rivals during the 1980s, an.
Halt delayed by the Bluth group defection, The Fox and the Hound was released in 1981 after four years in production. The film is considered a financial success by the studio, and the development continues on The Black Cauldron, a long adaptation of Lloyd Alexander's produced series of Chronicles of Prydain. on Super Technirama 70.
The Black Cauldron is intended to broaden the appeal of Disney animated movies to older audiences and to showcase the talents of a new generation of Disney animators from CalArts. In addition to Keane, Musker, and Clements, this new artist group includes other promising animators such as Andreas Deja, Mike Gabriel, John Lasseter, and Tim Burton. Lasseter was fired from Disney in 1983 for encouraging the studio to explore the production of computer animation, but later became the creative head of Pixar, a pioneering computer animation studio that would begin a close relationship with Disney in the late 1980s. Similarly, Burton was fired in 1984 after producing a short live studio action stored by the studio, Frankenweenie , then went on to become a live producer and live action director and high-profile stop-motion feature for Disney and other studios. Some of Burton's high profile projects for Disney will include stop-motion The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), live-action adaptation of Alice in Wonderland (2010), and remake feature motion -motion from Frankenweenie (2012).
1984-89: Michael Eisner's retrieval, restructuring, return to excellence
Ron Miller, Walt Disney's son-in-law, became president of Walt Disney Productions in 1980 and CEO in 1983. That year, he expanded the film and television production division of the company, creating banners of Walt Disney Pictures in which upcoming films of the feature animation department will be released. After a series of takeover efforts in 1984, Roy E. Disney, son of Roy O. and Walt's nephew, resigned from the company's board of directors and launched a campaign called "SaveDisney," successfully convincing the council to dismiss Miller. Roy E. Disney brings Michael Eisner as the new CEO of Disney and Frank Wells as president. Eisner in turn named Jeffrey Katzenberg the head of the film division, The Walt Disney Studios. Almost done when the Eisner regime took over Disney, The Black Cauldron (1985) will come to represent what will be referred to as the "lowest" point for Disney animation. The most expensive studio feature up to that point at $ 44 million, The Black Cauldron is a critical and commercial failure. The gross box office $ 21 million caused losses for the studio, putting the future of the animation division in jeopardy.
Between the 1950s and 1980s, the importance of animation for the Disney underline was significantly reduced when the company expanded into the production of live broadcasts, television, and amusement parks. As the new CEO, Michael Eisner strongly considers the closure of animated feature studios and future animation outsourcing. Roy E. Disney intervened, offering to lead the feature animation division and change his fate, while Eisner founded the Television Animation Group Walt Disney Pictures to produce low-cost animations for television. Named Eisner's Chairman of feature animation, Roy E. Disney appointed Peter Schneider as the animated president to run the day-to-day operations in 1985.
On February 1, 1985, Disney executives moved the animation division of many Disney studios in Burbank to warehouses, hangars and trailers located about two miles to the east (3.2 kilometers) in nearby Glendale, California. The animation feature of the first animation division in its new location was The Great Mouse Detective (1986), started by John Musker and Ron Clements as Basil of Baker Street after both left production < The Black Cauldron . The film is quite a critical and commercial success to instill executive trust in animation studios. But in the same year, Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment from Steven Spielberg released Don Bluth's
Katzenberg, Schneider, and Roy Disney are beginning to change the studio culture, increasing the number of staff and production so that new animation features will be released every year instead of every two to four. The first release on an accelerated production schedule is Oliver & amp; The company (1988), featuring all-star actors including Billy Joel and Bette Midler and an emphasis on modern pop soundtracks. Oliver & amp; The company opened in theaters on the same day as other Bluth/Amblin/Universal animated films, The Land Before Time ; however, Oliver outperformed Time and then became the most successful animated feature of that date.
At the same time in 1988, Disney began to enter the long-standing animation industry in Australia, by buying an Australian studio Hanna-Barbera to start Disney Animation Australia.
While Oliver & amp; The company and the next feature The Little Mermaid is in production, Disney collaborates with Amblin Entertainment and master animator Steven Spielberg Richard Williams to produce Who Framed Roger Rabbit , a breakthrough live-action/hybrid animation directed by Robert Zemeckis, featuring licensed animated characters from other animation studios. Disney set up a new animation studio under the supervision of Williams in London to create a cartoon character for Roger Rabbit, with many artists from California studios traveling to Britain to work on the film. Significant critical and commercial success, Roger Rabbit won three Academy Awards for technical achievement. and is key in updating key interests in American animation. In addition to the film itself, the studio also produced three Roger Rabbit shorts during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
1989-94: The beginning of the Disney Renaissance, a successful release, impacting the animation industry
The second satellite studio, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida, opened in 1989 with 40 employees. His office is located within the Disney-MGM Studios amusement park at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, and visitors are allowed to tour the studio and observe the animators at work. That same year, the studio released The Little Mermaid, which became a key achievement in Disney's history as its biggest critical and commercial success in decades. Directed by John Musker and Ron Clements, who was co-director of The Great Mouse Detective, The Little Mermaid earned $ 84 million at the North American box office, a record for studio. The film is based on scores from Broadway songwriters Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, who is also co-producer and story consultant in the film. The Little Mermaid won two Academy Awards, for Best Original Song and Best Original Score.
The Little Mermaid is enthusiastically relaunching new interests in animation and music movie genres. The film is also the first to feature the use of the Disney Computer Animation Production System (CAPS). Developed for Disney by Pixar, which has grown into a computer animation and commercial technology development company, CAPS will be significant in enabling future Disney movies to more seamlessly integrate computer-generated imagery and achieve higher production values ​​with digital ink and painting techniques and compositing. The Little Mermaid is the first of a series of blockbusters to be released over the next decade by Walt Disney Feature Animation, a period later defined by the Disney Renaissance term.
Accompanied in theaters by Mickey Mouse featurette The Rescuers Down Under (1990) is the sequel to Disney's first animated feature and the studio's first fully colored and composited movie through computer using CAPS system. However, the movie did not double the success of The Little Mermaid. The next Disney animated feature, Beauty and the Beast , has started production in London but was moved back to Burbank after Disney decided to close the London satellite office and retool the film into a musical comedy format similar to > Little Mermaids . Alan Menken and Howard Ashman maintained to write the score of the song, although Ashman died before production was completed.
Debuted in an in-process version of the 1991 New York Film Festival before the November 1991 release, Beauty and the Beast , directed by Kirk Wise & amp; Gary Trousdale, is an unprecedented and commercial success and will be seen as one of the best films in the studio. The film earned six Academy Award nominations, including one for Best Picture, the first for animation, winning Best Song and Best Original Score. Its $ 145 million box office gross sets a new record and merchandising for movies - including toys, cross promotions, and soundtrack sales - is also profitable.
The success of The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast formed a template for future Disney releases during the 1990s: a musical comedy format with Broadway-style songs and action sequences tentpole, backed by cross-promotional marketing and merchandising, all carefully designed to attract viewers of all ages and types to the cinema. In addition to John Musker, Ron Clements, Kirk Wise, and Gary Trousdale, new guardians of Disney artists who make these films include Roger Allers storytelling artists, Rob Minkoff, Chris Sanders, and Brenda Chapman, and starring Glen Keane, Andreas Deja , Eric Goldberg, Nik Ranieri, Will Finn, and many others.
Aladdin , released in November 1992, continued an increasing trend in Disney animated success, generating $ 504 million worldwide at the box office, and two more Oscars for Best Songs and Best Scores. Featuring songs by Menken, Ashman, and Tim Rice (who replaced Ashman after his death) and starring in the voice of Robin Williams, Aladdin also sets the trend of hiring celebrity actors and actresses to provide Disney characters, explored to some extent with The Jungle Book and Oliver & amp; Company , but is now a standard practice.
In June 1994, Disney released The Lion King , directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. The adventures of all animals in Africa, The Lion King features an all-star voice including James Earl Jones, Matthew Broderick and Jeremy Irons, with songs written by Tim Rice and pop star Elton John. The Lion King earned $ 768 million at worldwide box office, to date a record for traditional animated films, generating millions more in merchandising, promotions and record sales for the soundtrack.
Aladdin and The Lion King have become the most successful films worldwide in each of their respective release releases. Between this in-house production, Disney diversified into animation methods and produced The Nightmare Before Christmas with former Disney animator Tim Burton. With animation becoming an increasingly important and tantalizing part of Disney's business, the company began to expand its operations. California's flagship studio is divided into two units and expanded, and the ground is damaged in the new Disney Feature Animation building adjacent to many major Disney in Burbank, dedicated in 1995. The Florida satellite, officially established in 1992, is expanded as well, and one of Disney's animated television studios in Paris, a French suburb, Montreuil - the former studio of Brizzi Brothers - became Walt Disney Feature Animation Paris, where A Goofy Movie (1995) and an important part later Disney films produced. Also, Disney started producing lower costs directly into a successful video sequel for animated films using a television animation studio service under the name Disney MovieToons. The Return of Jafar (1994), a sequel of Aladdin and a pilot for the television show Aladdin , spin-off, was the first of these productions. Walt Disney Feature Animation was also heavily involved in the adaptation of both Beauty and the Beast in 1994 and The Lion King in 1997 to Broadway musicals.
Jeffrey Katzenberg and the Disney story team are heavily involved in the development and production of Toy Story , the first ever computer animation feature ever produced. Toy Story was produced for Disney by Pixar and directed by former Disney animator John Lasseter, whom Peter Schneider failed to try to rent back after his success with Pixar shorts such as Tin Toy (1988 ). Released in 1995, Toy Story opened for critical acclaim and commercial success, which led Pixar to sign a five-movie deal with Disney, which spawned a highly financially and financially successful computer animated film such as A Bug's Life. (1998), Toy Story 2 (1999), and Monster, Inc. (2001).
In addition, the success of Aladdin and The Lion King boosted a significant increase in the number of animated features that America produced over the rest of the decade, with major movie studios building new animation divisions such as Fox Animation Studios , Turner Feature Animation, and Warner Bros. Animation set up to produce films in Disney-esque musical format such as Thumbelina (1994), The Swan Princess 1994, Cats Do not Dance i) (1997), Anastasia (1997), Quest for Camelot (1998) and The King and I (1999).
1994-99: End of Disney Renaissance, yield decreased
Concerns arise internally at Disney, primarily from Roy E. Disney, about studio head Jeffrey Katzenberg who took too much praise for the successful release of early 1990s Disney. Disney President Frank Wells was killed in a helicopter crash in 1994, and Katzenberg lobbied CEO Michael Eisner for an empty presidential position. Conversely, the tension between Katzenberg, Eisner, and Disney resulted in Katzenberg being forced to resign from the company on August 24, with Joe Roth replacing him. On October 12, 1994, Katzenberg became one of the founders of DreamWorks SKG, whose animation division became Disney's main competitor in feature animation with both computer animated films such as Antz (1998), and traditionally animated films like > The Prince of Egypt (1998). In December 1994, the Animation House in Burbank was completed for the animation division.
In contrast to the early 1990s production, Disney's mid-1990s animation feature provided a diminishing return trend. Pocahontas , released in the summer of 1995, was a critical and commercial disappointment compared to its predecessor, earning $ 346 million worldwide while still winning two Academy Awards for his music by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz. The next film, The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), was produced partly in the Paris studio, performing better critically and raking in $ 325 million worldwide. The following summer, Hercules , earned $ 252 million worldwide and received positive reviews, but was responsible for initiating the decline of traditional animated films. The decline in box office success has doubled in the studio as the wage competition from DreamWorks has significantly increased the studio overhead, with production costs rising from $ 79 million in total cost (production, marketing and overhead) for The Lion King in 1994 to $ 179 million for Hercules three years later. In addition, Disney relies on the popularity of its new features to develop merchandising, amusement park attractions, direct sequels to video, and television programs in other divisions. Production schedules are reduced, and a large number of creative executives are employed to oversee production closer, an unpopular move among animation staff.
Mulan (1998), the first film produced primarily in Florida studios, earned $ 305 million at box office worldwide. Next summer, Tarzan, directed by Kevin Lima and Chris Buck, has a high production cost of $ 130 million, but earns $ 448 million at the box office. Tarzan song scores by pop star Phil Collins resulted in significant recording sales and an Academy Award for Best Songs.
In October 1999 Dream Quest Images, a special effects studio previously purchased by The Walt Disney Company in April 1996 to replace Buena Vista Visual Effects, combined with graphical computer-based operations from Walt Disney Feature Animation to form a division called < b> The Secret Lab . The Secret Lab produced a feature film, Dinosaur , released in May 2000 and featured prehistoric CGI creatures with a live action background that was filmed. Production of $ 128 million earned $ 349 million worldwide, below studio expectations, and Secret Lab closed in 2001.
2000-06: Deterioration, downsizing and conversion to computer animation, corporate problem
Fantasia 2000 , the sequel to the 1940 movie Roy E. Disney's pet project since 1990, was released on January 1, 2000. Produced in pieces when artists are available among production, Fantasia 2000 > is the first animated feature to be produced and released in IMAX format. A standard theatrical release followed in June, but a $ box office box total of $ 90 million worldwide against a $ 90 million production cost earned him a $ 100 million loss for the studio. Peter Schneider left his post as president of Walt Disney Feature Animation in 1999 to become president of The Walt Disney Studios under Joe Roth. Thomas Schumacher, who has been an animation vice president of Schneider for several years, became the new president of Walt Disney Feature Animation. At this time, competition from other studios has driven animator revenue to the highest level over time, making traditional animation features even more expensive to produce. Schumacher was charged with cutting costs, and massive layoffs began cutting salaries and bringing in studio staff - which reached 2,200 people in 1999 - dropped to about 1,200.
In December 2000, The Emperor's New Groove was released. It was an epic music called Kingdom of the Sun before it was revised mid-production into a smaller comedy, The film earned $ 169 million worldwide when it was released, although it was well reviewed and performs better on video. Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001), an attempt to break the Disney formula by moving into action-adventure, received mixed reviews and generated $ 186 million worldwide against a production cost of $ 120 million.
In 2001, the success of computer animated films from Pixar and DreamWorks such as Monsters, Inc. And Shrek, respectively, against the smaller Disney results for The Emperor's New Groove and Atlantis: The Lost Empire and < leads to a growing perception that hand-drawn animations become outdated and fall out of fashion. In March 2002, right after the successful release of the Blue Sky Studios computer animation feature Ice Age , Disney laid off most of the employees at the Animation Feature studio in Burbank, dropped it into a unit and began planning to move into a movie computer animation completely. A number of employees were offered the position of doing computer animation. The morale fell to a low position not seen since the start of the studio's ten-year exile to Glendale in 1985. The Paris studio was also closed in 2003.
The Burbank studio leftover production, Treasure Planet and Home on the Range , resumed production. Planet Treasures
Meanwhile, the production of hand-drawn animated features continues in Florida's Animation Studios studio, where films can be produced at a lower cost. Lilo & amp; Stitch , an offbeat comedy drama written and directed by Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois, became the studio's first bona fide hit since Tarzan in the summer of 2002, generating $ 273 million worldwide against $ 80 million production budget.
Most of the Disney features of the 1990s have been spun into direct sequels to video, television series, or both, produced by the Disney Television Animation unit. Beginning with the February 2002 release of Return to Never Land , the sequel to Peter Pan (1953), Disney began releasing a lower-budgeted sequel to previous films, for a video premiere, in theaters, a process ridiculed by some Disney animation staff and fans of Disney movies.
In 2003, Tom Schumacher was named president of Buena Vista Theater Group, Disney's drama and musical theater, and David Stainton, then president of Walt Disney Television Animation, was appointed as his successor. Stainton continues to oversee Disney's live-to-video division, DisneyToon Studios, which has become part of the television animation department, although transferred at this time to Walt Disney's Feature Animation management.
Under Stainton, the Florida studio completed Brother Bear , which did not perform as well as Lilo & amp; Stitch critically or financially. Disney announced the closing of the Florida studio on January 12, 2004, with a feature that is currently in the process of My Peoples unfinished when the studio closed two months later. After an unsuccessful April 2004 launch, Disney, led by executive Bob Lambert, officially announced the conversion of Walt Disney Feature Animation into a completely CGI studio - a process that began two years previously - now with a staff of 600 people and started selling all the traditional animation equipment.
Right after the release of Brother Bear ' November 2003, Animation Feature Chairman Roy E. Disney resigned from The Walt Disney Company, launching with the second external Stanley Gold business partner "SaveDisney" The campaign is similar to the campaign that forced Ron Miller out in 1984, this time to force Michael Eisner. Two of their arguments against Eisner include handling of Feature Animations and souring studio ties with Pixar.
Talks between Michael Eisner and CEO Pixar Steve Jobs on the terms of the update for the highly profitable Pixar-Disney distribution deal broke down in January 2004. Jobs in particular disagreed with Eisner's insistence that the sequel as later in the development of Toy Story 3 > (2010) will not count towards the number of films required in the new studio deal. To that end, Disney announced the launch of Circle 7 Animation, a division of Feature Animation that will produce Pixar movie sequel, while Pixar starts shopping for new distribution deals.
In 2005, Disney released its first fully animated computer feature, 2006-09: Rebound , Disney acquired Pixar, renamed
With Iger as the new CEO of Disney, Steve Jobs continued negotiations for Pixar with Disney. On January 24, 2006, Disney announced that it would acquire Pixar for $ 7.4 billion in all share transactions, with a final closing agreement in May. and the Circle 7 studio that was launched to produce Toy Story 3 was shut down, with most of the employees returning to Feature Animations and Toy Story 3 back to Pixar controls. As part of the acquisition, Edwin Catmull and John Lasseter were named the President and Chief Creative Officer, respectively, from Feature Animation and Pixar.
While Disney executives have discussed the closure of the Animation Feature as overwhelming, Catmull and Lasseter refused and instead decided to try to turn things around in the studio. Lasseter said, "we will not let that happen in our clocks, we are determined to save Walt Disney's fabulous studio heritage and bring it back to the creative level it should be.Saving this legacy is really on our shoulders." Lasseter and Catmull started rebuilding Feature Animation staff spirit, and revived a number of generations of "new guards" of the 1980s who have left the studio, including Ron Clements, John Musker, Eric Goldberg, Mark Henn, Andreas Deja, Bruce W. Smith, and Chris Buck. In order to maintain the separation of Animation and Pixar Features even though ownership and management are now common, Catmull and Lasseter "draw out hardliners" that each studio is fully responsible for its own project and will not be allowed to borrow personnel from or lend tasks to others. Catmull says that he and Lasseter "make sure the studios are quite different from each other.We do not want them to join it, it's going to be the wrong approach, each must have his or her own personality."
Catmull and Lasseter also bring to the Animation the Pixar model features of "movie-driven studios" as opposed to "executive-driven studios"; they abolished the previous system of Disney which requires directors to respond to "compulsory" notes from development executives who are above producers who support systems that are roughly similar to peer reviews, where non-compulsory records come primarily from fellow producers, directors, and author. Most layers of "gatekeepers" (middle-level executives) are stripped, and Lasseter forms a weekly private meeting routine with filmmakers on all projects in the final year of production and provides on-site feedback. The top creative studio team that works closely in the film's development is known as the Disney Story Trust; it was somewhat similar to Braintrust Pixar, but the encounter was reportedly "more polite" than the Pixar counterparts.
In 2007, Lasseter renamed Walt Disney Feature Animation to Walt Disney Animation Studios, and repositioned the studio as an animated home that produced animated projects and computers. To reduce the cost of production, animation, design, and hand-drawn layout is done in-house at Disney while the clean-up animation and digital ink-and-paint are distributed to vendors and freelancers.
The studio released Meet the Robinsons in 2007, the second CGI movie, generating $ 169.3 million worldwide. In the same year, DisneyToon Studios was also restructured and started operating as a separate unit under the control of Lasseter and Catmull. Lasseter's direct interview with the upcoming studio movie,
The Princess and the Frog , directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, is the first handmade animated film in the studio in five years. Coming back to a 1990s music-comedy format with songs by Randy Newman, the film was released in 2009 for positive critical reception and was also nominated for three Academy Awards, including two for Best Song. The box office performance of The Princess and the Frog - a total of $ 267 million received worldwide against a $ 105 million production budget - is seen as a lack of performance due to competition with Avatar . In addition, the "Princess" aspect of the title was blamed, resulting in a future Disney movie which was later produced about a neutral/symbolic daughter: Rapunzel being Tangled and The Snow Queen becomes Frozen . In 2014, Disney animator Tom Sito compared the box office performance of The Movie with The Great Mouse Detective (1986), which was a step up from the 1985 cinema drama The Black Cauldron . In 2009, the studio also produced computer animation Prep & amp; Landed special holidays for the ABC television network.
At D23 Expo in 2009, Double Dare's You Guillermo del Toro and Disney announced a production deal for a darker animated film line. Label was announced with one original animated project, Trollhunter . However, del Toro moved its deal to DreamWorks in late 2010.
2010-present: Continued resurrection
After The Princess and the Frog , the studio released Tangled , a CGI adaptation of the music of the Brothers Grimm fairy tale "Rapunzel" with songs by Alan Menken and Glenn Slater. In active development since 2002 under Glen Keane, Tangled , directed by Byron Howard and Nathan Greno, was released in 2010 and became a significant critical and commercial success, and was nominated for several awards. The film earned $ 591 million in box office revenues worldwide, becoming the third most successful release in the studio to date.
Hand drawn features Winnie the Pooh , a new feature film based on A.A. Milne characters, followed in 2011 to positive reviews, but underperformed at the box office; fixed to date the latest hand-drawn studio features. Wreck-It Ralph , directed by Rich Moore, released in 2012, became a critical acclaim and commercial success. The adventures of video game criminals who redeem themselves as heroes, he won many awards, including Annie, Selected Critics, and Children's Choice Awards for Best Animated Feature Film and received Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations. The film earned $ 471 million in box office revenues worldwide. In addition, the studio won the first Academy Award for a short film in forty-four years with Paperman, released in theaters with Wreck-It Ralph. Directed by John Kahrs, Paperman uses new software developed in-house in a studio called Meander, which combines hand-drawn animation techniques and computers in the same character to create a unique "hybrid". According to Producer Kristina Reed, the studio continues to develop techniques for future projects, including animation features.
In 2013, the studio fired nine hand-drawn animators, including Nik Ranieri and Ruben A. Aquino, leading to speculation on animated blogs that the studio abandoned traditional animation, an idea fired by the studio. That same year, Frozen , a CGI movie inspired by "The Snow Queen" by Hans Christian Andersen, was released for wide recognition and became a blockbuster hit. Directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee with songs by Broadway team Robert Lopez & amp; Kristen Anderson-Lopez, it's the first Disney animated film to generate more than $ 1 billion in box office revenue worldwide and is currently the best-selling animated film of all time, surpassing Pixar Toy Story 3 . Frozen also became the first film from Walt Disney Animation Studios to win an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature (the category that started in 2001), as well as the studio's first full length film to win an Academy Award since Tarzan and the first to win several Academy Awards since Pocahontas . It was released in theaters with Get Horse! , new Mickey Mouse cartoons combine hand-drawn black-and-white animation and colorful CGI animations.
The next studio feature, Big Hero 6 , a CGI comedy-adventure film inspired by the Marvel Comics series of the same name, was released in 2014. For the film, the studio developed a new rendering software called Hyperion, which continue to use the studio for all subsequent films. Big Hero 6 received critical acclaim and was the best-selling animated film of 2014, also won an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. The film is accompanied in theaters by short animated Feast , which won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. In March 2016, the studio released Zootopia , a CGI-comedy comedy film placed in the modern world inhabited by anthropomorphic animals. The film was a critical and commercial success, generating over $ 1 billion worldwide, and won an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
Moana , the CGI fantasy adventure movie, was released in November 2016. The film is shown in theaters with animated Inner Works . Moana is another commercial and critical success for the studio, generating over $ 600 million worldwide and receiving two Academy Award nominations.
On November 21, 2017, John Lasseter announced that he took a six month hiatus leave after admitting "misstep" in his behavior with employees in a memo to staff. According to The Hollywood Reporter and The Washington Post , Lasseter has a history of alleged sexual harassment of employees. One veteran animator anonymously stated that "All his behavior is forgiven.... It's not just drinking It's never raised." Some senior management believe it is part of the secret ingredient when the real secret material is a group of people. "
In December 2017, it was announced that considering the proposed 21st Century Fox acquisition by Disney, 20th Century Fox computer animation studio, Blue Sky Studios will be the brothers studio for Pixar and Disney Animation.
Maps Walt Disney Animation Studios
Studio
Management
Walt Disney Animation Studios is currently managed by Edwin Catmull (President, Walt Disney and Pixar Animation Studios), John Lasseter (Chief Creative Officer) and Andrew Millstein (President). Since 2006, while continuing to live in San Franc
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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