Car Wash Operations (Portuguese: OperaÃÆ'§ÃÆ'  £ o Lava Jato ) is an ongoing criminal investigation that is being carried out by Brazilian Federal Police, Curitiba Branch, and judicially ordered by Judge SÃÆ'  © rgio Moro since March 17, 2014.
Initially, money laundering investigations have been extended to cover corruption allegations at state-controlled oil company Petrobras, where executives are suspected of taking bribes in return for contracting construction companies at inflated prices. This criminal "system" is known as "PetrolÃÆ'Â o o - Car Wash Operation". The operation has included more than a thousand warrants for search and seizure, temporary detention and prevention and coercion measures, with the aim of ensuring the level of money laundering schemes suspected to move more than R $ 30 billion (c < span> US $ 9.5 billion on July 23, 2017).
Video Operation Car Wash
Summary
The Car Wash operation started as a money laundering investigation and became the biggest corruption scandal in Latin America. The name was chosen because of a ring that allegedly used currency exchange and money transfer service at Posto da Torre (Tower's Gas Station) in Braslia to move the forbidden payments.
At least eleven other countries, mostly in Latin America, are involved and the Brazilian company, Odebrecht, is heavily involved.
The corruption scandal grew in part because it challenged the impunity of politicians and business leaders until then. Structural corruption in the political and economic system, no longer tolerated or accepted, is now being investigated and resulted in some criminal charges. This change is possible because of the independence of the judiciary. Investigation of Car Wash Operations Judge Sergio Moro accused seemingly untouchable politicians, including former president Luiz InÃÆ'¡cio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff. This works because the 'cherished collaboration' and employers' first targeting strategy then use their statements against politicians.
Maps Operation Car Wash
Investigation
Initial allegations came from businessman Hermes Magnus in 2008, who reported attempts to launder money through his company, Dunel IndÃÆ'ºstria e Comà © à © rcio, manufacturer of electronic components. Following up the investigation culminated in the identification of four major criminals, led by:
- Carlos Habib Chater
- Alberto Youssef
- Nelma Kodama
- Raul Henrique Srour.
The investigation initially focused on four illegal currency market dealers and improper payments to Alberto Youssef by the company that won a contract at Petrobras Abreu & Refinery Five. After they discovered that "doleiro" (a black market dealer) Alberto Youssef had acquired the Range Rover Evoque for Paulo Roberto Costa, former director of Petrobras, the nationally expanded inquiry. Costa agreed after he was accused of providing evidence for an investigation. A newly adopted law introduces 'valuable collaboration' (ie, bargaining bargaining) in Brazil, or reduction in penalties when the defendant cooperates. Costa's shadow illuminated the way political parties controlled Petrobras's state-owned oil company.
It also caused a wave of capture. Costa agreed to help in 2014, and between that time and February 2016, the Federal Attorney Service formulated 37 criminal charges against 179 people, mostly from politicians and businessmen. By December 2017 nearly three hundred people had been charged with crimes in the scandal. After Marcelo Odebrecht, the company's founding grandson, was sentenced to 19 years in prison, he and other Odebrecht executives were willing to act as a witness and provide information on the overall corruption scheme, due to reduced penalty incentives from the 'Legal Collaboration Benefits'. Odebrecht has a secret branch used for illegal payments in several Latin American countries, from Hugo Chà ¢ ¡vez in Venezuela to Ricardo Martinelli in Panama. Odebrecht was fined $ 2.6 billion by Brazilian, Swiss and US authorities after they admitted bribing officials in twelve countries with about $ 788 million.
Costa and Youssef held bargaining plea with prosecutors and the scope of the investigation widened to nine major construction companies in Brazil:
as well as politicians involved with Petrobras. Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, who heads the Petrobras council from 2003 to 2010, denied knowing any wrongdoing. The Supreme Court of Brazil endorsed the investigation of 48 former and former former MPs, including former President Luiz InÃÆ'¡cio Lula da Silva, in March 2016. Eduardo Cunha, president of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil from 2015 to 2016, is accused of taking about US $ 40 million in bribes and hide funds in secret bank accounts. He is currently in prison.
On January 19, 2017, a small plane carrying the Justice of the Supreme Court of Zavascki Theory fell into the sea near the tourist town of Paraty in the state of Rio de Janeiro, killing judges and four others. Zavascki has handled the trial of Car Washing Operation corruption.
A Miami Herald report notes in September 2017 that when Car Washing Operations began, fewer than 10,000 electronic monitoring bracelets were used to enforce the sentence of house arrest; in September 2017, that number has ballooned to more than 24,000.
Effects on Petrobras
Petrobras postponed reporting its annual financial results for 2014, and in April 2015 released "audited financial statements" showing $ 2.1 billion in bribes and a total of nearly $ 17 billion in write-downs because graft and assets were valued too high, which characterized the company as "a" conservative estimate. Should the report be delayed one more week, the holders of the Petrobras bonds would have the right to demand early repayment. Petrobras also suspended dividend payments for 2015. Due to some of the scandalous impact, as well as high debt loads and low oil prices, Petrobras was also forced to cut capital spending and announced it would sell $ 13.7 billion in assets over the next two years.
Domestic politics
- The Treasurer of the Labor Party, JoÃÆ'Â Â £ o Vaccari Neto, was arrested for accepting "irregular donations".
- The former chief of staff for President Lula, José Dirceu, was arrested for masterminding most of the scandal.
- The President of the House of Representatives (lower house of the Congress of Brazil), Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ), was investigated for receiving more than US $ 40 million in bribes and bribes.
- Former mining and energy minister, Edison LobÃÆ'Â £ o, was investigated for taking over USD $ 50 million from Petrobras.
- The current ex-president and senator Fernando Collor de Mello of the Christian-conservative Christian Workers Party (PTC) is charged with corruption.
On March 8, 2016, Marcelo Odebrecht, CEO of Odebrecht and the company's founding grandson, was sentenced to 19 years in prison after being found guilty of paying more than $ 30 million in bribes to Petrobras executives.
Mid-April 2018 former president LuÃÆ'z InÃÆ'¡cio Lula da Silva - after being criticized for passive corruption and money laundering in connection with a luxury apartment in GuarujÃÆ'¡ received from OAS Construction Company - entered a prison in Curitiba for a 12-year sentence and a month in prison.
Political party
- Temer and PMDB - The testimony of defense advocacy by former president of Odebrecht Engenharia Industrial MÃÆ'¡rcio Faria da Silva shows that on July 15, 2010, President Michel Temer presided over the meeting presented to sign the provided for the payment of approximately US $ 40 million in bribes to PMDB in return for a contract with the International Petrobras Board of Directors. According to Faria, Temer, who was then a vice presidential candidate on Dilma Rousseff tickets, was delegated to Eduardo Cunha and Henrique Eduardo Alves, then deputy and present at the meeting, the task of making payments, representing 5% of the contract value. The meeting took place at Temer's political office in Sao Paulo. He did not discuss any details about the financial deal, limiting himself to a trivial conversation about politics.
- AÃÆ' Â © cio and PSDB - Marcelo Odebrecht said in testimony of his defense plea that a group led by Senator AÃÆ' Â © cio Neves (PSDB-MG) received at least 50 million reais in exchange for supporting the contractor business in energy supply. He said that improper payments were made because of business transactions with two state companies: Furnas and Cemig. The first, federal, investigation was under the leadership of Dimas Toledo, Neves's ally, in the early years of Lula's reign (2003-2005). The second state-run state government, influenced by AÃÆ'Â © cio during the period when PSDB took control of Minas Gerais (2003-2014).
- Lula and PT - EmÃÆ'lio Odebrecht said in a written report to the Brazilian Prosecutor General's Office (PGR) that he was discussing with former President Lula PT the donation for the PT campaign. Financial support, according to the contractor, came even before he became president. Marcelo Odebrecht says that the "Amigo" account, which contains resources to be used by former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, was created in 2010 with a balance of R $ 40 million. According to his statement, he gave money to Antonio Palocci, former Finance Minister and chief of staff of Rousseff, who had been in contact with Odebrecht since the previous administration, when Emilio Odebrecht and Pedro Novis had handled the payment. He said that by mid-2010, at the end of Lula's reign, he knew that Dilma Rousseff would take over and that the balance of the account would be "administered by him at his request". Thus, he separates the amount that will be destined exclusively for the former president. He said that Lula never asked directly and that it was all done through Palocci, but it became clear that it was really for the former president.
On March 4, 2016, Brazil's former president Luiz InÃÆ'¡cio Lula da Silva was detained and questioned for three hours as part of a fraudulent investigation into Petrobras transactions, his home raided by a federal police agent brought in for questioning. Lula, who left office in 2011, denied allegations of corruption. Police say they have evidence that Lula, 70, has received a bribe. Lula's agency called his actions against him "arbitrary, illegal and unjustified", as he cooperated with the investigation. Lula, convicted of taking a bribe of 3.7 million reais ($ 1.2 million), was sentenced to 12 to nine and a half years in prison, she has filed an appeal to Federal Court of 4, which increased her sentence to twelve and month. On 5 April 2018 Moro ordered his prison, he finally submitted two data later.
Political family
Odebrecht makes family discussions about the situation of politicians. In eleven cases under the Federal Supreme Court (STF) investigative jurisdiction unites father and son, husband and wife or siblings. The President of the Chamber, Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ), has the most involved family members. He was charged in the same investigation with his father, councilor and former mayor Cesar Maia. According to Odebrecht's testimony, Rodrigo earned money resources 2 for his father's campaign and also for himself. The head of the Senate's PMDB, Renan Calheiros (AL), was charged with his son, Alagoas governor Renan Filho (PMDB), in two questions. They are allegedly participating in an agreement to divert resources from Canal do SertÃÆ'Â o o work and still receive resources in the form of a box of two. In the case of the father, there are still two other questions where the other company.
The Governor of Rio Grande do Norte, Robinson Faria (PSD), was charged with his son, federal representative FÃÆ'¡bio Faria (PSD-RN). Both will receive donations through box two as partners to defend the interests of Odebrecht Ambiental in basic sanitation in the state. President of PMDB, Senator Romero JucÃÆ'¡ (RR), has his son, Rodrigo JucÃÆ'¡, as the company in one of the investigations. The father helped Odebrecht negotiate the Provisional Size and obtained an electoral donation of 150,000 reais for his son. Romero Jucá was also charged in four other questions. A father who asked for a donation to a son also why former minister José Dirman disel was investigated along with Zeca Dirceu, a federal representative. The father was able to raise money for Zeca in exchange for acting for the benefit of Odebrecht in government.
In the Deputy Room, the children of AntÃÆ'Â'nio Britto (PSD-BA) and Daniel Vilela (PMDB-GO) were also investigated along with their parents, Edvaldo Brito (PTB-BA) and Maguito Vilela (PMDB-GO). Senator KÃÆ'¡tia Abreu (PMDB-TO) was accompanied by her husband Moisà ©  © Pinto Gomes, who brokered her cash payments in 2014. Senator Vanessa Grazziotin (PCdoB-AM) was accompanied by her husband Eron Bezerra, who was said to have requested a cash donation box 2 for her. Federal Deputy Dà © cio Nery de Lima (PT-SC) also requested box 2 for Blumenau city campaign in 2012 from wife and state representative Ana Paula Lima (PT-SC). The Viana brothers from Acre are not abandoned. Governor TiÃÆ' £ o Viana (PT) and Senator Jorge Viana (PT) were also charged together. Jorge asked and Odebrecht paid R $ 1.5 million in cash for two for the TiÃÆ' £ o campaign in 2010.
Payment to Brazilian senator
The names of the senators cited in the report are:
Payment to a federal deputy
The names of the federal deputies quoted in Odebrecht's statement are:
Other Brazilian public figures
Names including politicians and former public officials were also mentioned in the statement:
presidential campaign Dilma Rousseff 2014
Marcelo Odebrecht details the payment of 100 million reais for Dilma's 2014 presidential campaign, requested by then minister, Guido Mantega. The payments are allegedly linked to the approval of Provisional Measure 613, which assists Braskem, an arm of Odebrecht, and deals with the Reiq Industrial Chemical Regime, with fiscal incentives for ethanol and the chemical industry. Former executives say that this is not a direct exchange of such assistance, he said, negotiations of 50 million reais were passed on to the government for the creation of the Refis Crisis to solve the crisis caused by zero Prodroid Prodostos Industrializados (IPI), but then the minister learned that he was talking to someone who had given money to JoÃÆ'Â o Santana. The former executive said he often met Mantega and they both brought their lawsuits to the meeting. According to him, the former minister has asked the executive to "solve the problem" while waiting with public relations JoÃÆ'Â o Santana and the general treasurer of PT, JoÃÆ'ÂÂ o Vaccari. Advertisers are always worried about political campaigns because of the risk of indebtedness in the end. That's why he made up-front payments on his account, to calm him down.
Former Director of Institutional Relations Odebrecht Alexandrino Alencar stated that former minister Edinho Silva, when he became Dilma Rousseff's campaign treasurer in 2014, requested a cash donation of 2 out of five parties to support the People's Strength plate, worth 7 million reais each. PCdoB, PDT, PRB, PROS and PP received illegal donations, according to former director of Odebrecht. Together, these parties give television time of three minutes and twenty seconds to the president's ticket. In return, the former director said, the contractor hopes to get the quid pro quos from the elected government. Detailed meeting informants with politicians in his office and cash dispatch, always made well by messengers in hotels or flats. Marcelo Odebrecht said he met with Silva several times to handle money for parties to join the coalition in 2014. The former minister of Dilma allegedly instructed Alencar to directly seek out party leaders to pass on those values. He explained that the interest of PT is the increase of election time on television, to a total of eleven minutes and twenty-four seconds, to one-third of that time coming from the parties purchased.
Reproduction outside Brazil
Paradise Papers
On November 5, 2017, Paradise Papers, a set of secret electronic documents relating to foreign investment, reveals that Odebrecht used at least one offshore company as a vehicle for the payment of bribes found in the Car Washing Operations investigation. Marcelo Odebrecht, his father EmÃÆ'lio Odebrecht and his brother MaurÃÆ'cio Odebrecht, are all mentioned in Paradise Papers. Argentina
Gustavo Arribas, director of the Argentine Federal Intelligence Agency under Mauricio Macri, has been accused of corruption and is being investigated.
Mexico
In Mexico, former director of the state-owned oil company, Pemex, a close ally of President Pe? N ± a Nieto, allegedly received US $ 10 million in bribes from Odebrecht.
Panama
RamÃÆ'³n Fonseca Mora, president of Panama PanameÃÆ' Â ± ista Party, was dismissed in March 2016 for his involvement in the scandal.
Peru
During Peru's presidential election in February 2016, a report by the Brazilian Federal Police involved Peruvian president Ollanta Humala in a bribe by Odebrecht for a public works contract. President Humala denied the allegations and avoided media inquiries about it. In July 2017, Humala and his wife were arrested and detained in pre-trial detention after an investigation into his involvement in the Odebrecht scandal. Investigations revealed that Brazilian President Lula da Silva pressed Odebrecht to pay millions of dollars against the presidential campaign of Humala.
In December 2017, Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski appeared before Congress to defend himself against impeachment on charges of covering illegal payments of $ 782,000 from Brazilian construction giant Odebrecht to Kuczynski firm Westfield Group Capital Ltd. Keiko Fujimori, who lost the 2016 presidential election by a margin of less than 50,000 votes, is fighting for a motion; his party has forced five government ministers. Fujimori himself was involved in the Odebrecht scandal over alleged campaign donations.
Kuczynski resigned from the Presidency on March 21, 2018.
Venezuela
By the end of 2017, Euzenando Prazeres de Azevedo, president of Constructora Odebrecht in Venezuela, told investigators that Odebrecht has generated $ 35 million in campaign contributions to the 2013 presidential campaign of Nicolas Maduro in return for the prioritized Odebrecht project in Venezuela that Americo Mata, Maduro's campaign, originally asking for $ 50 million for Maduro, was completed in the end for $ 35 million. In May 2018, Transparency International showed that only 9 of the 33 projects started by Odebrecht between 1999 and 2013 were completed in Venezuela.
See also
- Impeachment from Dilma Rousseff
- Impeachment proposal against Michel Temer
- O Mecanismo , 2018 Brazilian political drama series Netflix depicting OperaÃÆ'§çÃÆ' £ o Lava Jato
- Mani pulite , Italian judicial investigation into political corruption
References
Dramatizations
There are two dramatizations of Carwash Operation One of them is the film film Polonia Federal: A Lei ÃÆ'â € ° Todos ( Federal Police: Law for Everyone ) Directed by Marcelo Antunez ( 2017), and the other is the Netflix The Mechanism series
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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