An evacuation slide is an inflatable slide that is used to evacuate a plane quickly. Runaway slides are required on all commercial aircraft (carrying passengers) where the doorway height is such that, in case of evacuation, passengers will not be able to get off the unharmed door (the Federal Aviation Administration requires slides on all aircraft gates where the floor is 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above the ground).
The Escape Slide is packed and stored inside the door structure inside the bustle slide, a prominent part of the inside of the aircraft door that varies with the size of the plane, the size of the door and the location of the door. In many modern aircraft, to reduce evacuation time, evacuation slides spread automatically when the door is opened in "armed" condition. Modern aircraft often show conditions armed with indicator lights.
Many slides are also designed to double as life rafts in case of ditching (landing on water)
Video Evacuation slide
Outbound window
All large commercial aircraft have a loose slide on the main door of the plane, but some do not have slides over the wings, because when the flap is lowered completely, the wings are low enough to the ground so passengers can evacuate safely. Some of these aircraft are Embraer 190, Boeing 707, 717, 727 and 737. However, other aircraft require the use of somersaults for exit windows to ensure that passengers can reach the ground quickly and safely. These include Boeing 767 aircraft, Boeing 757, and Airbus A320-series. Typically, overwing evacuation slides are not designed to be used in ditching situations because they can not be detached and will not operate, because the system is disabled by the aspirator on the slides taking water, and Boeing recommends stripping the doors of the 747 before opening in a ditching situation.
The exit window usually consists of two configurations:
- An unclogged hatch type door , where the hatch is opened from the inside and pulled into the cabin, where it can be discarded. Some operators recommend placing the hold onto adjacent seats, while others may suggest dropping it in the next row of seats, or turning the exit door and throwing it out of the plane as far as possible. A manual inflation handle for the evacuation slide, if completed, can be found in the window frame. Most of the aircraft are out of this type.
- A hatched hatch hatch , which opens automatically out using a spring when the exit is pulled. This exit design was designed in response to research produced after the Manchester air disaster in 1985 which showed that the hatch type exits were difficult to open by untrained passengers. This design is currently only found on Boeing 737 NG aircraft.
The window exit is usually equipped with ditching or life lines. It may be attached to the inner frame of the window exit, or located in the nearest storage locker. One end has a buckle to connect to the attachment on the wing of the aircraft.
Maps Evacuation slide
History
The first aircraft evacuation slip was developed and produced by Air Cruiser, founded by James F. Boyle, the founder of World War II buoy, "Mae West". The patent for the inflatable parachute assembly was issued by Boyle in 1954 and patented in 1956 with the patent number 2,765,131. Currently Air Cruiser provides slides for more than 65% of the airplane slide market. Prior to inflatables, some passenger aircraft used a canvas type slide that required the crew to perform extensive rigging procedures. Slabs of the canvas type are still found on several Russian planes.
Type
There are two types of aircraft evacuation slides: slides and slides/rafts. Slide is to be used only on land as a means of escape, although it has enough buoyancy to allow passengers to hold an elongated lanyard and use it as a buoyancy aid. The slide/raft is an evacuation slide that can be used both as a means of escape in the evacuation of the soil and as a life raft in a water landing. Shear/raft usually has an erection canopy, outer compartment to hold passengers and survival packages containing items such as leak plugs, oars and flares. On some slides/rafts, the canopy is supported on each side by a row of inflatable posts or perpendicular cantilever.
Slides can be single or double lanes, depending on the width of the exit, a two-lane lane capable of evacuating more people quickly in evacuation.
Slide and slide/raft can be detached from the girt bar, usually with two or three step procedures. This may, for example, involve lifting the lid on the girt bar, and pulling the release handle. This procedure is usually red on the slide, "For Ditching Use Only". After the slides are separated, the slides remain attached to the plane with a damp line. This line will break if the airframe is submerged, or it can be disconnected with a knife or a breaker handle supplied previously.
A slide ramp is an evacuation slide that has a small platform between the exit and the slide itself, and is used primarily where the proximity of the exit to the engine requires the slide to be tilted away from the machine to prevent damage. Airbus A310 aircraft, Airbus 340-600, Airbus A380 and Boeing 747 have sloping attachments for their overwing evacuation slides. The outwing out on the Airbus A320 series, the Boeing 757-variant and the Boeing 767-variant aircraft also use a road slide attachment.
Other types of evacuation slides are found on certain DC-9, MD-80 and Boeing 717 planes. This type of glide is in the tailcone of the plane, and spreads after the tailcone is removed by the flight attendant, allowing evacuation through the back of the fuselage. Procedures for using this exit may involve removing a plug-type pressure plug, or a swing-type door leading directly to the path. At the end of the road is a manual tailcone jettison slide and handler package to use if the tailcone has not been automatically removed by opening the entrance of the driveway.
Certain evacuation slides do not use slide slides on the door as containers. Instead, the slides are "plane mounted" and attached to the container located below or below the exit close to the exterior of the aircraft. The slide design was found on an Airbus A321 aircraft at the emergency exit, and usually in all the above evacuation slides in addition to the Boeing 747-400 series aircraft.
One of the latest developments in evacuation shear technology can be found on the Airbus A380, developed by Goodrich Aircraft Interior Products. Certain slides on an airplane have the Tribrad Inflation System, which is connected to the sensing system inside the door. If the door opens in an emergency mode with an abnormal attitude (eg the position of the nose rises due to the loss of the landing gear), the slides will expand normally but will also inflate some extra foot slides to ensure the slide reaches the ground. This contrasts with the Boeing 747 because the door found on the plane does not have such a system; If the slide does not reach the ground, the door must be blocked to prevent injury to passengers.
Operation
Before departure (usually before starting the engine), all aircraft doors are placed into armed (or automatic) mode by cabin crew. The arming method varies from plane to plane, but in the end the girt bar is physically attached to the brackets inside or near the doorway. On older aircraft, such as the Boeing 737, this is done physically by the cabin crew and in most other aircraft involves pushing the lever on the door itself that is banging the door internally.
If a quick evacuation is required and the door is opened when "armed", the door opening pulls the slide pack out of the bustle (since the girt bar is physically attached to the floor of the plane). Due to the weight of both doors and slides, great effort is involved in pushing the open door enough to free the slide from the busyness, so that on larger planes the "power assist" function kicks in to help the opening, either electrically or electrically. of compressed gas. Once the slide is completely free it will fall under gravity and after a certain distance the pin will be pulled from the compressed gas containing skuak and the slide will expand. If the system fails, the slide can be manually inflated by the cabin crew by pulling the manual inflation handle at the top of the slide. If this also fails, standard operating procedures require the cabin crew to send passengers away from the door and to the one with a functioning runaway sail.
Some Russian-made aircraft such as the Tupolev Tu-154 have a very complicated process to activate and deploy slides. The slides are kept in a cupboard usually next to an emergency exit inside the plane. They usually have the same width and height as the seats. To activate the slide, one must pull the front cover to a 90-degree angle, then pull the slide out so that it lies on the floor or doorstep, open the emergency door and kick or remove it. Gravity will then pull the slide to the ground and it will expand.
Airplane safety and in-flight safety demonstrations show passengers where the nearest emergency and how to use evacuation slides. In addition, Flight Attendants receive extensive safety training that includes the use of evacuation slides.
Usage
An article at Left by Amanda Ripley, with the help of aviation security expert Dan Johnson, compiled some tips on how to avoid injury and escape from the plane on an inflatable slide. Their suggestions include planning, getting out of the plane and getting off the slide quickly, jumping, correct body position and avoiding clothing that can cause safety issues, such as hollow heels and pantyhose.
Accidental use
Unintentional slide installs occur when the operator of the aircraft door attempts to open the door while in an armed position. This causes millions of industries to lose income every year, estimated at $ 20 million in North America by cabin crew alone.
Device can be used to prevent this problem. This works by sounding an audible signal (voice) when the door operator, whether trained or not, will open the door in an armed position. It works as an independent system, requiring no action other than fixing the door in accordance with standard operating procedures. When the door is placed in an armed position, the device is armed. These can be installed as stand-alone units or integrated into aircraft systems and powered from aircraft power.
Inflation system
Both slide and slide/raft use non-explosive inert gas inflation systems. FAA requires evacuation of all aircraft within 90 seconds using 50% of available evacuation exits. To meet this, all evacuation units need to be deployed in less than 10 seconds. For large wide bodied aircraft such as A380 and B747, successful deployment is completed in about 5-7 seconds, depending on conditions (such as temperature and wind).
The inflation system usually consists of pressurized cylinders, regulating valves, two high-pressure hoses and two aspirators. Cylinders can be from 100 to about 1000 cubic inches, filled up to about 3000 psi with Nitrogen gas, or a mixture of CO2 and Nitrogen gas. Once made of steel, most of the cylinders are now made of aluminum or alloy cores wrapped in fiberglass, or other lightweight fuel-efficient materials. CO2 is used to slow the rate at which the valve emits gas.
This valve is used to measure the gas mechanically at a rate of about 3 - 600 psi and 4 CFM. Usually there are two high pressure hoses attached to the valve, which are connected at the other end to the aspirator. This is usually a cylinder, hollow aluminum tube with an open cylinder or flapper internal gate when high pressure gas is applied, and closes when the gas flow subsides and the internal shear stress returns about 2.5 to 3.0 psi. They work on the Venturi principle, and draw the outside air to the evacuation unit at a rate of about 500: 1. The 750 in 3 tube can fill the slide with about 850Ã, cuÃ,ft (24 m 3 ) air to a pressure of about 3 psi in about 4-6 seconds.
In order for the slide to be properly installed, it is packed in a way that has an aspirator directly under the outer cover. Overall, the self-contained slide package is about 3Ã, ft (0.91 m) wide, 2.5Ã, ft (0.76 m) long and about 1Ã, ft (0.30 m) high, depending on the type of aircraft. In the center, the front of the pack, layered pieces of heavy urethane or neoprene/nylon fabrics, called girt, are left hanging up to about 2Ã, ft (0.61 m). When mounted on the plane, a girt bar is placed in the center, outside the end of the girt and attached to the interior floor, right inside and in front of the exit. In front of the girt is the instruction in large red letters, and the handle with the word 'PULL' on it.
It's rarely used, because the lanyards that stick to the handle run through the girt to the valve, which is a few inches too short when the girt is fully extended. When the slide is in an armed position and the door is opened, the slide pack falls freely from the frenzy of the door (the semi-rigid outdoor container) and the weight and momentum of the slide pull the rope from the valve, initiating the gas stream. At about the same time, the metal pins holding the center of the closed Valis are also drawn, removing the daisy chain and the two halves. When the cover is released and the inflation system is activated, the two aspirators get out of the pack, swallow large amounts of air and are only held back by the cloth tube where they are securely fastened.
To keep up with the wind, a new evacuation slide contains an internal baffle, which causes the ends of the nearest airplane to inflate first, built to come out like four elbows and push the fuselage forward and back side of the door out door. There is also a half-bond binder that makes the slide inflated from the droop or blown beneath the plane. The restraints are built so that when the slides become fairly stiff, about 1.5 - 2.0 psi, they release very quickly (usually there are two), and since the header tube is already against the fuselage, the slides appear horizontally out the door, then down with relatively soft to the ground. Testing in a 25-knot wind speed (46 km/h) has shown that this deployment system is very effective.
Independently of the inflation system, all slides are equipped with at least one pressure relief device per inflationary space. It protects the room from catastrophic failure because it is too depressing. (Typically, modern slides are made of at least 2 inflation chambers, and should be able to evacuate planes even when one room loses all the pressure.)
All new evacuation slides were tested on the mock-up of the aircraft exit and filmed before being certified as feasible to fly and delivered to customers. Also, new units are usually constructed of urethane material and impregnated or coated with an aluminized coating so that the slide will last for a while even if a fire is nearby. Older slides are yellow and made of neoprene/nylon fabric.
Released aircraft
Aircraft such as the Embraer 145 family, the Fokker 50 family, the Antonov An-148 family, the ATR family and the Bombardier CRJ-200 family do not have the slide off because all the exits are at a distance from the ground (less than 6 feet (1.8 feet) )), below the evacuation aids are not required by law. At the main entrance, 1L, some of these planes have a ladder connected to a door or a drop down.
See also
- Detainment device
- List of inflatable manufactured goods
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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